Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard

Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard
Pacific Fleet's Primary Maintenance Hub Since 1908
Location	Oahu, Hawaii
Years Active	1908 - Present
Workers Exposed	10,000+ (1930s-1980s)
Mesothelioma Risk	11.6x Higher Than General Population
EPA Status	Superfund Site (12,600 acres)
Current Workforce	6,300 employees
Peak WWII Repairs	7,000+ vessels
Trust Funds Available	$30+ Billion

Executive Summary

Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard represents one of the most significant cases of occupational asbestos exposure in American history, with over 10,000 veterans and civilian workers exposed to deadly asbestos fibers between the 1930s and 1980s. The landmark 1985 University of Hawaii study documented that shipyard workers experienced mesothelioma rates 11.6 times higher than Hawaii's general population, with an incidence of 67.3 per million compared to the state average of just 5.8 per million. This devastating statistic underscores why Pearl Harbor stands alongside other major naval shipyards as a primary source of asbestos-related disease among military personnel and shipyard workers.

The facility's 117-year history encompasses both remarkable engineering achievements and a profound occupational health tragedy. Established by Congressional authorization in 1908, Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard became the Pacific Fleet's premier repair facility after the December 7, 1941 attack, when heroic salvage operations returned all but three damaged battleships to service while unknowingly exposing thousands of workers to asbestos-laden materials. During World War II alone, the shipyard repaired over 7,000 vessels, with workers stripping damaged insulation, cutting through asbestos-laden bulkheads, and handling countless contaminated materials without any protective equipment.

According to Danziger & De Llano case documentation, the legal reckoning for Pearl Harbor's asbestos exposure began in 1978 and has resulted in significant compensation for victims, including a $9.8 million settlement for one Pearl Harbor shipwright and an $8.2 million award confirmed by Hawaii's Supreme Court in 1986. The average mesothelioma settlement ranges from $1 million to $1.4 million, while trial verdicts have reached between $2.4 million and $20.7 million depending on case circumstances. Veterans automatically qualify for 100% disability ratings when diagnosed with mesothelioma, currently providing $4,044.91 in monthly benefits.

Today, the entire 12,600-acre Pearl Harbor Naval Complex holds designation as an EPA Superfund site, with ongoing remediation efforts identifying contamination at 229 shipyard facilities. The facility continues operating with approximately 6,300 employees and a $1 billion annual economic impact, but the 40-year latency period for mesothelioma means workers exposed decades ago continue developing fatal diseases today. Families affected by Pearl Harbor asbestos exposure may pursue compensation through multiple pathways including asbestos trust funds, VA benefits, and legal claims against responsible manufacturers.

At-a-Glance

• Deadliest Pacific shipyard — Pearl Harbor workers developed mesothelioma at 11.6 times the rate of the general Hawaii population, making it one of the highest-risk naval facilities ever studied
• Massive workforce affected — Over 10,000 veterans and civilian employees were exposed to asbestos between the 1930s and 1980s across repair, maintenance, and modernization operations
• Wartime exposure peak — Emergency repairs on 7,000+ WWII vessels required round-the-clock work stripping asbestos insulation without any protective equipment
• Contamination still present — EPA designated all 12,600 acres as a Superfund site, with 229 of 1,108 shipyard facilities still requiring remediation action
• Multiple compensation paths — Affected workers and families can pursue trust fund claims, VA disability benefits, and legal settlements simultaneously without one reducing another
• Significant settlement history — Individual awards have reached $9.8 million for a Pearl Harbor shipwright and $8.2 million upheld by the Hawaii Supreme Court
• Automatic VA disability — Veterans diagnosed with mesothelioma receive presumptive service connection and 100% disability rating at $4,044.91 per month
• Secondary exposure recognized — Hawaii courts have awarded damages to family members who developed mesothelioma from laundering contaminated work clothes
• 40-year latency window — Workers exposed in the 1970s and 1980s continue receiving new diagnoses today due to the disease's long development period

Key Facts

Metric	Finding
Workers Exposed	Over 10,000 veterans and civilians (1930s-1980s)
Mesothelioma Incidence	67.3 per million workers vs. 5.8 per million general population
Relative Risk	11.6 times higher than Hawaii average
WWII Vessels Repaired	7,000+ ships processed during wartime operations
EPA Superfund Footprint	12,600 acres designated for contamination remediation
Contaminated Facilities	229 of 1,108 shipyard buildings requiring further action
Trust Fund Compensation	Over $30 billion available through 60+ active trusts
Average Settlement Range	$1 million to $1.4 million for mesothelioma claims
VA Disability Payment	$4,044.91/month at 100% rating (automatic for mesothelioma)
Hawaii Asbestos Deaths	700+ recorded 1999-2017, including 139 mesothelioma fatalities
Average Latency Period	40 years between exposure and disease development

How Did Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard Become a Major Source of Asbestos Exposure?

Congressional authorization on May 13, 1908 allocated $3 million to transform Pearl Harbor into what would become the Pacific's most strategic naval facility. The shipyard's first drydock suffered a catastrophic collapse in February 1913 from underground pressure, requiring complete reconstruction before finally opening in August 1919. By 1939, construction had begun on three additional drydocks, positioning Pearl Harbor as the Pacific Fleet's primary maintenance hub.

The interwar period saw steady expansion as military planners recognized the facility's strategic importance. Johns-Manville Corporation became the primary supplier of asbestos products to the shipyard, providing pipe covering, insulation blankets, cement compounds, and gaskets that would later cause devastating health consequences. Military specifications mandated over 250 different asbestos-containing products aboard naval vessels, from valve packing to floor tiles.

Historical Context: Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard has never functioned as a shipbuilding facility. Throughout its 117-year history, it has specialized exclusively in repair, maintenance, and modernization of existing vessels — operations that routinely disturbed asbestos materials installed during original construction at other shipyards.

The facility spans 148 acres within Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, with four operational drydocks currently servicing the Pacific Fleet's nuclear submarines and surface vessels. A fifth drydock, part of a $3.4 billion construction project, is scheduled for completion by 2028. Every modernization project potentially disturbs legacy asbestos materials, requiring constant vigilance and protective measures that were entirely absent during the facility's first seven decades.

What Happened After the December 7, 1941 Attack?

The Japanese attack inflicted devastating damage yet miraculously spared the shipyard's most critical infrastructure. While bombs struck Drydock No. 1 where USS Pennsylvania sat, the oil storage depots, repair shops, and submarine base remained intact. This preservation enabled immediate salvage operations that would return all but three damaged battleships to service while unknowingly exposing thousands of workers to asbestos.

Captain Homer N. Wallin's salvage division performed engineering feats that seemed impossible. The team refloated USS Nevada by February 1942, raised the capsized USS Oklahoma using an innovative parbuckling technique, and patched USS West Virginia despite seven torpedo holes. Most remarkably, 1,400 shipyard workers completed emergency repairs on USS Yorktown in just 72 hours instead of the estimated 90 days, sending her to Midway where she helped turn the war's tide.

"The heroism of those salvage workers is undeniable, but the tragedy is that their service came with a hidden cost. Working around the clock without protective equipment, they inhaled asbestos fibers that would take decades to manifest as fatal diseases."

— Paul Danziger, Founding Partner, Danziger & De Llano

These heroic efforts required workers to strip damaged insulation, cut through asbestos-laden bulkheads, and handle countless materials containing deadly fibers without any protective equipment. Navy divers logged 9,000 hours underwater without serious injuries, yet the greater danger came from invisible asbestos fibers that workers inhaled during round-the-clock repair operations. During World War II, the shipyard repaired over 7,000 vessels, establishing its reputation as the Pacific's premier repair facility while creating the conditions for a public health crisis that would emerge decades later.

Which Workers Faced the Highest Asbestos Exposure Risks?

The most devastating chapter in Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard's history unfolded not during enemy attack but through prolonged occupational asbestos exposure affecting approximately 10,000 veterans and civilian workers from the 1930s through 1980s. As research from Mesothelioma Lawyer Center documents, certain occupational groups faced dramatically elevated risks due to the nature of their work with asbestos-containing materials.

Boilermakers, pipefitters, and insulators faced the highest exposure risks, directly handling asbestos insulation on steam pipes, boilers, and ship systems. Electricians worked with asbestos-containing wire insulation while welders used asbestos cloth for fire protection. Shipfitters, machinists, and hull technicians encountered asbestos gaskets, packing materials, and machinery components throughout vessels. Engine room personnel operated in spaces where asbestos concentrations reached deadly levels, particularly during maintenance when insulation was disturbed or removed.

The exposure timeline peaked during World War II when 16 of 100 Pearl Harbor ships required emergency repairs using asbestos-laden materials. Workers stripped damaged insulation without masks, mixed asbestos-containing compounds with bare hands, and inhaled clouds of fibers in poorly ventilated spaces. The Korean and Vietnam conflicts sustained high exposure levels as the Navy continued specifying asbestos products through military specifications until the late 1970s. Even after dangers became widely known, the shipyard continued using existing asbestos stocks into the early 1980s.

Occupation	Primary Exposure Sources	Risk Level
Insulation Workers	Pipe covering, insulation blankets, thermal protection	Extreme
Boilermakers	Boiler insulation, gaskets, refractory materials	Extreme
Plumbers and Pipefitters	Pipe insulation, valve packing, joint compounds	Extreme
Marine Engineering Workers	Engine room insulation, machinery components	Very High
Electricians	Wire insulation, electrical panels, fire protection	Very High
Welders	Protective blankets, fire shields, gaskets	Very High
Shipfitters	Gaskets, packing materials, hull components	High
Machinists	Brake linings, clutch facings, machinery seals	High

Where Was Asbestos Contamination Found Throughout the Facility?

EPA investigations identified asbestos contamination concentrated around Dry Dock 3, in multiple buildings containing asbestos in walls and ceilings, and throughout the pipe systems traversing the 148-acre complex. Boiler rooms and engine spaces registered the highest contamination levels where workers performed maintenance in confined areas with poor ventilation. Machine shops accumulated asbestos dust from gasket cutting and equipment repairs while the power plant's boilers, generators, and overhead crane brakes all contained asbestos components.

Products arrived through Naval Supply Centers in Oakland, with local distributors supplementing during peak demand. Workers handled amosite blankets, applied asbestos mud to pipe joints, and wore asbestos protective clothing that ironically increased their exposure. The concentration of these materials in enclosed shipboard spaces created conditions where asbestos fiber concentrations far exceeded safe levels, though no such standards existed during the peak exposure years.

Current EPA Status: The entire 12,600-acre Pearl Harbor Naval Complex holds designation as an EPA Superfund site. Ongoing remediation has identified contamination at 229 shipyard facilities, 164 Ford Island sites, and 39 naval housing units requiring action.

Current remediation identifies 229 of 1,108 shipyard facilities requiring further action, with ongoing investigations revealing new contamination sites. Building 6 Foundry received concrete covers over areas contaminated with metals and PAHs while 40 transformer subsites require action for PCB contamination. The Navy leads cleanup operations under EPA and Hawaii Department of Health oversight, but the scope of historical contamination ensures remediation will continue for decades.

How Did Secondary Exposure Spread Beyond Shipyard Gates?

The contamination spread far beyond shipyard boundaries as workers unknowingly carried asbestos fibers home on clothing, hair, skin, and boots. Spouses developed mesothelioma from laundering contaminated work clothes while children suffered exposure through contact with their fathers after shifts. Hawaii courts have recognized liability for secondary exposure, awarding damages to family members who never set foot in the shipyard yet developed asbestos-related diseases.

"We've represented families where wives and children developed mesothelioma decades after exposure to contaminated work clothes. The courts have consistently held manufacturers liable for this foreseeable secondary exposure pathway."

— Rod De Llano, Founding Partner, Danziger & De Llano

Community exposure occurred through multiple pathways. A Honolulu vermiculite processing plant received asbestos-contaminated material from Libby, Montana, exposing area residents for decades. The shipyard's disposal practices spread contamination to surrounding land and water, with EPA documenting soil contamination with asbestos, arsenic, lead, mercury, and other toxins across thousands of acres.

What Do Health Studies Reveal About Mesothelioma Rates?

The 1985 University of Hawaii study tracked 7,971 male shipyard workers for up to 29 years, producing findings that quantified the devastating health consequences of Pearl Harbor asbestos exposure. According to data documented by Mesothelioma.net, workers with 15 or more years of exposure faced 1.4 times higher lung cancer risk, increasing to 1.7 times with 30-year latency periods. Seven mesotheliomas occurred between 1977-1982 in the study cohort, establishing the clear link between shipyard work and this invariably fatal cancer.

A 1994 case-control study found Pearl Harbor workers were 10 times more likely to develop mesothelioma, with 93 cases compared to 281 cancer controls. Hawaii recorded over 700 asbestos-related deaths from 1999-2017, including 139 from mesothelioma and 185 total mesothelioma cases through 2020.

Pearl Harbor Health Study Findings
Mesothelioma Rate Comparison	67.3 per million (workers) vs. 5.8 per million (general population)
Relative Risk	11.6x higher than Hawaii average
Lung Cancer Risk (15+ years)	1.4x higher than unexposed population
Lung Cancer Risk (30-year latency)	1.7x higher than unexposed population
Hawaii Asbestos Deaths (1999-2017)	700+ total, including 139 mesothelioma
Average Latency Period	40 years between exposure and diagnosis

The average 40-year latency period means workers exposed in the 1970s and 1980s continue developing diseases today. Beyond mesothelioma and lung cancer, documented conditions include asbestosis, pleural plaques, gastrointestinal cancers, and laryngeal cancer, with each diagnosis representing decades of suffering following workplace exposure.

What Compensation Is Available for Pearl Harbor Shipyard Workers?

The legal reckoning began in 1978 when electrician Tristan Nobriga filed Hawaii's first asbestos lawsuit. Major settlements followed, demonstrating that significant compensation remains available for victims and their families. Notable awards include:

• $9.8 million for a Pearl Harbor shipwright
• $8.2 million for Lawrence Kaowili (confirmed by Hawaii Supreme Court, 1986)
• $5.3 million for an industrial worker
• $12.1 million award to family of Korean War veteran
• $2.5 million verdict for retired Navy Rear Admiral

Average mesothelioma settlements range from $1 million to $1.4 million, with trial verdicts reaching $2.4 million to $20.7 million. Multiple compensation pathways exist simultaneously:

Good News for Veterans: Mesothelioma qualifies for presumptive service connection. The VA automatically assumes your cancer is service-related without requiring you to prove specific exposure incidents. Veterans receive $4,044.91 monthly at 100% disability rating.

Over $30 billion sits in asbestos trust funds established by bankrupt manufacturers, providing compensation without lengthy litigation. The Veterans Administration offers healthcare benefits, survivor benefits, and disability payments totaling hundreds of thousands over a veteran's lifetime. Trust fund claims don't reduce insurance benefits, VA disability payments, or legal settlements — victims can pursue all pathways simultaneously.

"Families often don't realize they can pursue multiple compensation sources simultaneously. A veteran with mesothelioma may qualify for VA benefits, trust fund payments, and a legal claim against manufacturers — all providing separate streams of financial support during an incredibly difficult time."

— Paul Danziger, Founding Partner, Danziger & De Llano

What Is Being Done About Ongoing Contamination?

Pearl Harbor Naval Complex's Superfund designation triggered massive remediation efforts across 12,600 acres divided into 18 geographic cleanup areas. The Navy leads cleanup operations under EPA and Hawaii Department of Health oversight. Current investigations have revealed contamination requiring action at:

• 229 shipyard facilities
• 164 Ford Island sites
• 39 naval housing units
• 40 transformer subsites (PCB contamination)

Current protective measures include mandatory respirators in contamination zones, regular air quality monitoring achieving OSHA's 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter standard, and comprehensive worker training programs. Medical screening programs through the University of Hawaii Cancer Center offer CT scans and biomarker testing for high-risk individuals, with Dr. Michele Carbone's team discovering genetic mutations linking to mesothelioma susceptibility.

The shipyard's transformation continues with the $3.4 billion Dry Dock 5 project creating 2,500 construction jobs while requiring extensive asbestos abatement. Every modernization project potentially disturbs legacy contamination, necessitating constant vigilance. As Virginia-class submarines replace Los Angeles-class vessels, workers must remove decades-old asbestos materials while installing modern systems, bridging past hazards with future capabilities.

How Does Pearl Harbor Compare to Other Naval Shipyards?

Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard shares the tragic legacy of asbestos exposure with other major naval facilities across the United States. Similar patterns of exposure, corporate concealment, and resulting disease have been documented at shipyards including Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Long Beach Naval Shipyard, and Brooklyn Navy Yard.

The common thread connecting these facilities involves the Navy's extensive use of asbestos materials specified in military construction guidelines, combined with the confined spaces and poor ventilation typical of shipboard work environments. Workers at all these facilities handled similar asbestos-containing products from manufacturers including Johns-Manville, whose trust fund now compensates victims.

Time-Sensitive: Filing deadlines for mesothelioma claims vary by state. Hawaii's statute of limitations requires action within a specific timeframe from diagnosis or discovery. Contact an experienced attorney immediately to protect your legal rights.

Frequently Asked Questions

What types of asbestos products were used at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard?

Military specifications mandated over 250 different asbestos-containing products aboard naval vessels serviced at Pearl Harbor. These included pipe covering, insulation blankets, cement compounds, gaskets, valve packing, floor tiles, brake linings, wire insulation, and fire-protective cloth. Johns-Manville Corporation served as the primary supplier, with products arriving through Naval Supply Centers in Oakland and local distributors during peak demand periods.

How long after asbestos exposure does mesothelioma develop?

The average latency period between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma diagnosis is approximately 40 years. This means workers exposed at Pearl Harbor during the 1970s and 1980s continue receiving new diagnoses today. The 1985 University of Hawaii study documented increased lung cancer risk at 15+ years of exposure, with risk climbing further at 30-year latency periods.

Can family members of Pearl Harbor workers file compensation claims?

Yes. Hawaii courts have recognized liability for secondary asbestos exposure and have awarded damages to spouses and children who developed mesothelioma from contact with contaminated work clothes. Family members who never entered the shipyard have successfully pursued legal claims against manufacturers whose products caused the original contamination.

What VA benefits are available to Pearl Harbor veterans with mesothelioma?

Veterans diagnosed with mesothelioma automatically qualify for 100% disability rating through presumptive service connection, currently providing $4,044.91 per month. The VA does not require proof of specific exposure incidents. Additional benefits include healthcare coverage, survivor benefits for dependents, and Dependency and Indemnity Compensation for surviving spouses.

How much compensation can Pearl Harbor workers expect?

Average mesothelioma settlements range from $1 million to $1.4 million, while trial verdicts have reached between $2.4 million and $20.7 million. Notable Pearl Harbor-specific awards include $9.8 million for a shipwright and $8.2 million confirmed by the Hawaii Supreme Court. Over $30 billion remains available through 60+ asbestos trust funds, and these claims do not reduce VA benefits or other compensation sources.

Is Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard still contaminated with asbestos?

Yes. The entire 12,600-acre Pearl Harbor Naval Complex is designated as an EPA Superfund site. As of the most recent EPA assessment, 229 of 1,108 shipyard facilities require further remediation action, along with 164 Ford Island sites and 39 naval housing units. Ongoing construction projects, including the $3.4 billion Dry Dock 5, require continuous asbestos abatement as legacy materials are disturbed.

What is the statute of limitations for Pearl Harbor asbestos claims in Hawaii?

Hawaii's statute of limitations requires mesothelioma victims to file legal claims within a specific timeframe from the date of diagnosis or discovery of the disease. Because this deadline varies based on individual circumstances, affected workers and family members should consult an experienced mesothelioma attorney as soon as possible after diagnosis to protect their legal rights.

What occupations at Pearl Harbor had the highest mesothelioma risk?

Insulators, boilermakers, and pipefitters faced extreme risk levels due to direct handling of asbestos materials on steam pipes, boilers, and ship systems. Engine room personnel, electricians, and welders faced very high risk from working in confined spaces with asbestos-containing wire insulation, protective blankets, and machinery components. Shipfitters and machinists also experienced high exposure through gaskets, packing materials, and brake linings.

Quick Statistics

• 67.3 per million — mesothelioma incidence rate among Pearl Harbor shipyard workers, compared to 5.8 per million in Hawaii's general population
• 7,971 workers — number of male shipyard employees tracked in the landmark 1985 University of Hawaii study over a 29-year follow-up period
• 250+ — different asbestos-containing products mandated by military specifications for use aboard naval vessels
• 7,000+ vessels — total ships repaired at Pearl Harbor during World War II, with wartime operations creating peak asbestos exposure conditions
• 1,400 workers — emergency crew that repaired USS Yorktown in 72 hours (vs. estimated 90 days) before the Battle of Midway
• 229 facilities — number of shipyard buildings identified by the EPA as requiring further contamination remediation action
• $30+ billion — total funds available through 60+ active asbestos trust funds established by bankrupt manufacturers
• 700+ deaths — asbestos-related fatalities recorded in Hawaii from 1999 to 2017, including 139 attributed to mesothelioma
• $3.4 billion — cost of the Dry Dock 5 construction project, which requires extensive asbestos abatement of legacy materials

Get Help

If you or a family member worked at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard, you may have been exposed to asbestos. Contact Danziger & De Llano at (855) 699-5441 for a free case review. Additional resources are available at Mesothelioma Lawyers Near Me and Mesothelioma.net.

Related Pages

• Naval Shipyards
• Mare Island Naval Shipyard
• Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
• Long Beach Naval Shipyard
• Brooklyn Navy Yard
• Norfolk Naval Shipyard
• Insulation Workers
• Boilermakers
• Plumbers and Pipefitters
• Asbestos Trust Funds
• Veterans Benefits
• Mesothelioma Claim Process