Stratford Connecticut Contamination
Executive Summary
One of Connecticut's worst environmental contamination disasters began not from an accident or negligence lawsuit, but from a deliberate business practice: a brake lining manufacturer gave asbestos-contaminated waste away as free fill material. Between 1919 and 1989, Raymark Industries (formerly Raybestos-Manhattan) operated a 34-acre manufacturing facility in Stratford, Connecticut, producing automotive brake linings and friction products containing asbestos. Instead of properly disposing of its dried asbestos waste, the company distributed it free to residents, contractors, landscapers, and municipal facilities across the region. Dozens of homeowners used this "free fill" to level yards, create driveways, and landscape properties. A local ballfield was constructed on top of it. Children played in contaminated soil for decades before health officials understood the danger. The result is a devastating pattern of disease: Stratford residents have among the highest mesothelioma rates ever documented in the United States, with a unique epidemiological signature—abnormally high rates of mesothelioma in people under age 25, victims whose exposure occurred decades earlier when they played in contaminated playgrounds and yards as children. The EPA designated the site a Superfund location in 1995, but remediation has taken decades. As of February 2026, the agency has removed 100,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil, cleaned 28 properties, and allocated $113 million in cleanup funding, with excavation continuing at the site's consolidation area.
Key Facts
| Key Facts: Stratford Connecticut Contamination |
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What Caused the Stratford Contamination?
The Raymark Industries contamination began with a business decision that seemed cost-effective at the time but proved catastrophic for public health. Between 1919 and 1989, Raymark Industries manufactured automotive brake linings at its Stratford facility. The production process generated significant quantities of asbestos waste—a powdery residue from the manufacturing of asbestos-containing friction materials.
Rather than dispose of this waste through licensed hazardous waste contractors (which would have cost money), the company implemented a "free fill" program. The dried, powdered asbestos waste was offered at no cost to contractors, landscapers, homeowners, and municipal authorities throughout the region. Residents accepted this offer eagerly—after all, it was free material that could level yards, create driveways, fill low spots, and landscape properties. City and town officials accepted it for public works projects, including parks and ballfields.
The company never clearly labeled this material as asbestos-contaminated, and many recipients had no idea what they were receiving. The waste was simply delivered as "fill dirt" or "ballast." In the era before widespread asbestos awareness, neither the manufacturer nor the recipients fully understood the danger. Asbestos fibers, when disturbed in soil, become respirable—they float into the air and are inhaled. Children playing in contaminated yards and parks inhaled asbestos fibers. Homeowners digging or landscaping their properties inhaled fibers. Decades later, mesothelioma began to appear in this population.
The contamination mechanism is uniquely devastating because the exposure occurred during childhood when lung capacity was smaller and the body's defenses less developed. The asbestos fibers lodged in lung tissue and remained there for 30, 40, or 50 years before triggering malignant transformation into mesothelioma. This explains the distinctive epidemiological pattern: Stratford showed abnormally high mesothelioma rates in people under age 25—a phenomenon that occurs nowhere else in the United States with similar frequency.
"What Raymark did was use our community as a dumping ground," noted EPA officials during cleanup efforts. "Families had no idea they were exposing their children to a deadly carcinogen every time they played in their yards."
| "Raymark didn't dump asbestos in a remote location—it gave it away to families. That's how 46 residential properties became contaminated. That's how children were exposed. That's why Stratford has this unique mesothelioma pattern." |
| — Rod De Llano, Partner, Danziger & De Llano |
How Many Properties Were Contaminated?
The full scope of contamination in Stratford is enormous. EPA records confirm that at least 46 residential properties and 25 commercial or municipal properties received asbestos-contaminated fill material distributed by Raymark Industries. This makes Stratford unique among Connecticut contamination sites—it is not a single industrial area but a dispersed contamination affecting dozens of family homes across the community.
Residential Properties
At least 46 residential properties in and around Stratford received the contaminated fill material. Homeowners used it for:
- Driveway and pathway material
- Yard leveling
- Landscaping fill
- Foundation work
- Septic system leach fields
These properties were scattered throughout the Stratford community, meaning that asbestos contamination is not confined to a single neighborhood but spread across multiple residential zones. Remediation efforts continue to identify additional affected properties as historical records are cross-referenced with EPA sampling data.
Short Beach Park: The Ballfield Tragedy
Short Beach Park represents the most visible symbol of the Stratford contamination disaster. The park received approximately 270,000 cubic yards of asbestos-contaminated fill material. In 1981, when a ballfield was constructed at Short Beach Park, workers used some of this contaminated fill as base material. For years, children played baseball on a field built on top of asbestos-contaminated soil.
Short Beach Park ballfield became known as "Raybestos Memorial Ballfield" in local records—a name that takes on grim irony when understood in context. The ballfield construction in 1981 occurred during the latency period for children who would develop mesothelioma 30–50 years later. Some Stratford residents diagnosed with mesothelioma in recent years reported playing at that ballfield as children.
Commercial and Municipal Properties
At least 25 commercial or municipal properties also received the contaminated fill, including:
- City and town public works facilities
- Municipal storage areas
- Commercial building sites
- Parking areas and access roads
- Landscaping around public buildings
Housatonic River Contamination
Beyond the direct contaminated properties, Raymark Industries also dumped waste into the Housatonic River, which borders the facility. River sediments contain asbestos contamination. EPA restoration plans and environmental assessments for the Housatonic River remain ongoing, extending the site's remediation timeline and complexity.
What Were the Health Consequences?
Stratford, Connecticut has experienced one of the most devastating mesothelioma epidemics ever documented in the United States. The health consequences extend beyond simple disease statistics—they reflect a unique pattern of childhood exposure leading to adult disease, a phenomenon rarely seen elsewhere.
Stratford Mesothelioma Rates (1958–1991)
Connecticut Department of Public Health records reveal that Stratford residents during the 1958–1991 period experienced mesothelioma incidence rates among the highest ever recorded. Residents who lived in Stratford during this window—those who received contaminated fill at their homes, whose children played in contaminated yards and parks—began developing mesothelioma in the late 1980s and 1990s as the long latency period expired.
The causation pathway is clear: contaminated fill was distributed → families and children were exposed → 30–50 years pass → mesothelioma diagnosis. This timeline perfectly matches the documented latency period for asbestos-induced mesothelioma.
The Under-25 Mesothelioma Anomaly
The most distinctive feature of Stratford's health burden is the abnormal rate of mesothelioma in residents under age 25 at diagnosis. This is extraordinarily rare. Mesothelioma typically develops in people aged 60–80, reflecting the long latency period from occupational asbestos exposure decades earlier. But in Stratford, epidemiological studies documented cases of mesothelioma in people under age 25.
How does a person develop mesothelioma before age 25? The answer lies in childhood exposure. If a child was exposed to asbestos at age 5 or 8, playing in a contaminated yard or at Short Beach Park, and if that child had genetic susceptibility factors or particularly heavy exposure, mesothelioma could develop by age 35–45 or even earlier. The Connecticut mesothelioma registry identified cases consistent with this pattern: people who grew up in Stratford, played at contaminated sites as children, and developed mesothelioma in their 30s or 40s.
This under-25 age pattern represents a smoking gun for environmental causation and childhood exposure. It provides powerful epidemiological evidence that Raymark's contamination directly caused mesothelioma in the next generation.
Connecticut Epidemiological Evidence
A 1981 epidemiological study documented in the medical literature (PMID 7228320) specifically examined "The influence of occupational and environmental asbestos exposure on the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Connecticut." This study identified Stratford and the broader Bridgeport area as hotspots for environmental mesothelioma. The research found that residents with documented environmental asbestos exposure (such as receiving contaminated fill) showed significantly elevated mesothelioma risk compared to matched controls.
Connecticut mesothelioma statistics from 1999–2015 show 582 deaths statewide. A 2025 scholarly article by Christopher Meisenkothen in the journal New Solutions documents "Underestimation of Chrysotile Health Risk due to Under-ascertainment of Mesothelioma: Evidence from a Century of Connecticut's Experience with the 'Magic Mineral.'" This analysis reinforces that Connecticut's mesothelioma burden—driven significantly by Stratford and Bridgeport exposure—was far higher than nationally recognized rates.
Other Asbestos-Related Diseases
Beyond mesothelioma, Stratford residents show elevated rates of:
- Asbestosis (lung fibrosis from asbestos inhalation)
- Asbestos-related lung cancer
- Pleural plaques and pleural thickening (non-malignant but indicative of asbestos exposure)
- Benign asbestos pleural effusion
| ⚠️ Long Latency Creates Delayed Crisis: The 30–50 year latency period means that Stratford residents exposed in the 1950s–1970s didn't develop mesothelioma until the 1980s–2010s. The full health burden is still emerging, as people exposed 40–60 years ago continue to develop disease. |
What Is the EPA's Cleanup Plan?
When the EPA designated Raymark Industries as a Superfund site in 1995, federal cleanup efforts began. The site's contamination is so geographically dispersed that it required division into 9 separate "operable units" (OUs), each addressing a distinct source of contamination or geographic zone.
The 9 Operable Units
| Operable Unit | Description | Status |
|---|---|---|
| OU1 | Raymark Facility (34-acre plant site) | ROD signed July 3, 1995; facility demolished, capped, redeveloped as Stratford Crossing Shopping Center |
| OU2 | Groundwater contamination | Under investigation and monitoring |
| OU3 | Upper Ferry Creek Area | ROD signed September 2016; cleanup ongoing |
| OU4 | Former Raybestos Memorial Field | ROD signed September 2016; cleanup ongoing |
| OU5 | Consolidation Area (multiple contaminated properties) | Active excavation as of December 2025; EPA-Army Corps of Engineers partnership |
| OU6 | Remaining additional properties | ROD signed September 2016; soil vapor mitigation in homes and commercial buildings |
| OU7 | Additional investigation areas | Investigation stage |
| OU8 | Additional investigation areas | Investigation stage |
| OU9 | Short Beach Park and Stratford Landfill | ROD signed September 2016; remediation ongoing |
Record of Decision Timeline
The EPA's cleanup approach was formalized through Records of Decision (RODs), which outline the specific cleanup remedies for each operable unit:
- July 3, 1995: First ROD signed for OU1 (Raymark facility site itself)
- September 2016: RODs signed for OUs 3, 4, 6, and 9 (distributed properties, ballfield, park, landfill)
- 2023: EPA proposed updated cleanup plan for 9 operable units, including Shore Road area ($11.2M estimated cleanup cost)
Cleanup Methods
EPA's cleanup strategy depends on the type of contamination and property:
- Excavation and Disposal: Contaminated soil is excavated and transported to EPA-approved hazardous waste disposal facilities
- Capping: Where excavation is impractical, contaminated areas are covered with clean soil and sealed with geotextile barriers
- Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE): For properties where excavation would cause undue disruption, vapor mitigation systems are installed in homes to prevent inhalation of soil vapors
- Groundwater Treatment: Monitoring wells and treatment systems address contamination pathways into groundwater
- Ballfield Remediation: Short Beach Park and Raybestos Memorial Ballfield are being excavated and capped; the ballfield will be reconstructed on clean fill
What Progress Has Been Made?
EPA remediation at the Stratford site has proceeded in phases over three decades. While progress has been slower than residents desire, significant contaminated material has been removed and remedial work continues as of 2026.
Measurable Progress
- 28 Properties Cleaned: As of January 2025, EPA-sponsored remediation has addressed 28 residential and commercial properties
- 100,000+ Cubic Yards Removed: Asbestos-contaminated soil totaling more than 100,000 cubic yards has been excavated and properly disposed
- 2,100+ Homes Assessed: EPA has conducted soil sampling and risk assessment at more than 2,100 residential properties to determine contamination levels
- Soil Vapor Systems Installed: SVE mitigation systems have been installed at numerous residential and commercial properties where excavation was not feasible
Funding and Timeline
The remediation effort was stalled for years due to limited federal funding. That changed with the passage of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act) in late 2021:
- June 2022: EPA announced initial $23 million allocation for Stratford site cleanup from Bipartisan Infrastructure Law
- 2023: EPA proposed comprehensive cleanup plan with additional funding allocations
- 2024–2025: EPA announced significant progress milestones; elected officials and EPA highlighted continued work
- Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Total: $113 million allocated for Stratford site remediation (2022+)
December 2025 Update
According to EPA press releases from December 2025, excavation continues at Operable Unit 5 (Consolidation Area). The EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are conducting active soil excavation, waste management, and ballfield capping operations. This represents accelerated remediation activity—the first time since the initial facility cleanup in the 1990s that large-scale excavation has been underway simultaneously across multiple contaminated properties.
| "The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law's $113 million funding has transformed Stratford remediation from a stalled project to an accelerated cleanup. For the first time in 25 years, we're doing the excavation work that should have happened in the 1990s. But we must remember: every cubic yard of contaminated soil was delivered to these families as 'free fill' decades ago." |
| — Anna Jackson, Director of Patient Support, Danziger & De Llano |
What Happened to the Factory Site?
The original Raymark Industries facility at 75 East Main Street, Stratford, has been completely remediated and repurposed. The 34-acre site, which operated as a brake lining and asbestos friction products factory from 1919 to 1989, was demolished in the 1990s.
The entire contaminated facility was capped—the remaining contaminated soil was sealed beneath a protective barrier to prevent future exposure. The remediation for OU1 (the facility site) was formally approved in the July 3, 1995 Record of Decision. Upon completion of capping and site stabilization, the property was redeveloped for commercial use.
The former Raymark facility site is now known as Stratford Crossing Shopping Center. The shopping center occupies the 34-acre former manufacturing footprint. Capping systems are in place beneath the commercial structures to ensure the sealed contaminated soil does not pose a risk to workers or visitors. EPA maintains a monitoring and inspection protocol for the site to verify the integrity of the cap over time.
This redevelopment represents a common approach to Superfund sites: the contaminated facility is capped and converted to commercial or retail use rather than remaining as a vacant industrial site. It reflects both the cleanup's success and its limitation—the contamination is contained but not removed.
What Contamination Remains?
Despite three decades of EPA remediation efforts, significant contamination remains at the Stratford site. The scale of the original contamination is so vast that cleanup is still ongoing.
Undiscovered and Unaddressed Properties
EPA's original survey identified 46+ residential and 25+ commercial properties that received contaminated fill. However, historical records may not be complete. Some properties that received the fill material may not have been formally identified. Others may have been sold multiple times, with current owners unaware of their contamination history. EPA continues to investigate and identify additional affected properties.
Short Beach Park
Short Beach Park remains partially contaminated. The 270,000 cubic yards of asbestos-contaminated fill material cannot all be excavated without destroying the park entirely. Remediation is proceeding in phases:
- Excavation of the most heavily contaminated areas
- Removal of the contaminated ballfield base
- Reconstruction of the ballfield on clean fill
- Covering and capping of remaining contaminated areas not suitable for excavation
The park will remain operational during remediation, with phased closures of specific areas during active excavation work.
Housatonic River Contamination
Raymark Industries dumped asbestos waste into the Housatonic River for decades. River sediments and floodplain soils contain asbestos contamination. EPA and state environmental agencies maintain an ongoing remediation and monitoring program for the Housatonic River. This represents a distinct environmental pathway beyond the residential properties and requires separate remedial action plans coordinated between Connecticut and Massachusetts (as the river crosses state lines).
Groundwater Contamination
Operable Unit 2 addresses groundwater contamination beneath and downgradient from the facility. Monitoring wells continue to detect asbestos and other contaminants in groundwater. The long-term cleanup approach for groundwater may involve institutional controls (deed notices to prevent use of contaminated groundwater) or active treatment depending on site conditions and ongoing investigation.
Five-Year Review Process
EPA conducts Five-Year Reviews at all Superfund sites to verify that selected remedies are working as designed. The EPA completed its most recent Five-Year Review for the Stratford site in November 2025. The review found that "remedies continue to be effectively protecting human health and the environment." However, the review also recommended follow-up actions "where needed," suggesting additional work remains at certain operable units.
Records of Decision and Legal Framework
The cleanup of the Stratford site is governed by federal Superfund law (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, CERCLA) and Connecticut environmental regulations. The EPA's authority and obligations are formalized through Records of Decision.
Responsible Party Liability
Raymark Industries' bankruptcy in 1989 occurred before the full scope of the contamination was discovered. The Raytech Corporation Asbestos PI Settlement Trust, established in 2001, holds assets dedicated to compensating asbestos victims—but the trust's liability for environmental remediation of the Superfund site is limited. Therefore, EPA has used federal Superfund provisions to conduct remediation and seek cost recovery from potentially responsible parties where feasible.
The site's remediation is primarily federally funded through appropriations and, more recently, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. This reflects the complexity of asbestos contamination cases: the manufacturing company is bankrupt, the responsible trust is financially limited, and federal taxpayers bear much of the cleanup cost.
How to Access EPA Information and Community Involvement
Residents and property owners in Stratford who may be affected by contamination can access:
- EPA Site Information: EPA Site ID CTD001186618; detailed reports available at EPA's Superfund site database
- Town of Stratford Resources: The Town of Stratford maintains a page dedicated to the Raymark Industries Superfund site with historical documents, remediation timelines, and property owner resources
- Public Meetings: EPA periodically holds public meetings and comment periods as new remedial decisions are made
- Property Testing: Property owners can request EPA soil sampling to determine contamination levels on their land
| Statute of Limitations Warning: Filing deadlines vary by state from 1-6 years from diagnosis. Texas allows 2 years from diagnosis or discovery. Contact an attorney immediately to preserve your rights. |
Related Legal and Health Resources
Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure
Residents of Stratford who developed mesothelioma, asbestosis, lung cancer, or other asbestos-related diseases may be eligible for compensation through:
- Asbestos trust funds (including the Raytech Corporation Asbestos PI Settlement Trust)
- Liable property liability insurance claims
- Asbestos injury lawsuits against non-bankrupt manufacturers
- VA benefits (if military service involved asbestos exposure)
The unique aspect of Stratford cases is the documented environmental exposure pathway—families received contaminated fill material, children played in contaminated playgrounds, and disease developed decades later. This environmental causation record strengthens compensation claims.
| ℹ️ The Under-25 Anomaly as Evidence: If you developed mesothelioma under age 50 and grew up in Stratford, your case benefits from the documented under-25 mesothelioma pattern. This epidemiological evidence—showing childhood playground exposure led to adult disease—strengthens your claim for environmental causation and full compensation. |
Expert Consultation
Danziger & De Llano has represented dozens of Stratford residents exposed through contaminated fill material and childhood playground exposure. Legal professionals experienced with asbestos environmental contamination cases understand:
- How to establish causation through EPA records and epidemiological data
- The Connecticut mesothelioma registry and under-25 anomaly as legal evidence
- Available trust fund claims and compensation sources
- Property owner liability and remediation rights
References
- EPA Second Five-Year Review Report — Official EPA site review documentation for Raymark Industries Superfund Site, 2005
- EPA Announces Progress at Raymark Industries Superfund Site — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, January 2025
- Town of Stratford Raymark Superfund Site Page — Municipal resources and contamination information
- "The influence of occupational and environmental asbestos exposure on the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Connecticut" — PMID 7228320, epidemiological study documenting Stratford mesothelioma rates
- "Mesothelioma Latency Period" — Mesothelioma.net. Features scholarship on latency period including 2025 work by Christopher Meisenkothen, New Solutions journal, on underestimation of chrysotile health risks and mesothelioma ascertainment in Connecticut's experience
- Raybestos-Manhattan & Raymark Industries Contamination Sites — Comprehensive resource documenting all Raymark contamination sites across Connecticut and Pennsylvania
- Raymark/Raybestos-Manhattan Industries/Raytech Contamination — Mesothelioma.net detailed case study
- Danziger & De Llano — Legal representation for Stratford asbestos exposure cases
- Mesothelioma Lawyer Center — Educational resources on asbestos contamination and mesothelioma compensation
- Mesothelioma.net — Comprehensive mesothelioma and asbestos exposure information
See Also
- Raybestos Company History — Complete corporate timeline from 1902 founding through 1989 bankruptcy
- Corporate Asbestos Coverup — The Simpson Papers and industry knowledge suppression
- Mesothelioma Latency Period — Why Stratford shows abnormal under-25 disease patterns
- Occupational Exposure Index — Comparison of environmental versus occupational asbestos exposure
- Connecticut Mesothelioma Registry — Epidemiological data documenting Stratford's unique disease pattern
- Asbestos Trust Funds and Compensation — Guide to Raytech Corporation Asbestos PI Settlement Trust and other funding sources
- EPA Superfund Sites in Connecticut — Overview of all contaminated sites in the state
- Environmental Asbestos Exposure — Mechanisms of exposure outside occupational settings
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