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| {{#seo:
| | #REDIRECT [[Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding]] |
| |title=Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding | Asbestos Exposure & Mesothelioma
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| |description=Alabama Dry Dock exposed 30,000 workers to asbestos during WWII. Learn about exposure risks, health effects, and compensation options for affected workers.
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| |keywords=Alabama Dry Dock, ADDSCO, Mobile shipyard asbestos, shipyard mesothelioma, asbestos exposure Alabama, shipyard workers compensation
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| }}
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| == Executive Summary ==
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| Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company (ADDSCO) operated in Mobile, Alabama from 1916 to 1988, exposing an estimated 30,000 workers to hazardous asbestos materials during its peak World War II production years. The facility built 122 vessels during WWII, including 20 Liberty ships and 102 T2 tankers, while conducting repairs on over 2,800 combat vessels that returned from Pacific and Atlantic theaters requiring urgent overhaul. Studies indicate that essentially 100% of ADDSCO workers during the 1930s-1970s period faced some level of asbestos exposure, with documented airborne fiber concentrations reaching 100 times current OSHA safety limits in confined ship compartments.
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| The health consequences proved catastrophic for ADDSCO's workforce. Shipyard workers face a 15 times higher mortality rate from asbestosis than workers in other industries, while one in three mesothelioma patients nationwide worked in shipyards or served in the Navy. The disease manifests with a median latency period of 42.8 years, meaning workers exposed during WWII and the postwar decades continue developing fatal cancers today. St. Clair County, Alabama ranks among the top 50 U.S. counties for mesothelioma deaths, reflecting the concentrated industrial exposure in the Mobile region.
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| Former ADDSCO employees and their families retain multiple compensation pathways despite the facility's closure. Personal injury lawsuits against asbestos manufacturers have yielded documented settlements reaching $1.4 million, with trial verdicts averaging $20.7 million nationally for mesothelioma cases. Additionally, 11 asbestos bankruptcy trusts from ADDSCO suppliers hold over $30 billion in total funding, with typical shipyard workers receiving approximately $260,000 in combined trust payouts. Alabama's two-year statute of limitations begins at diagnosis, preserving legal options for workers only now developing symptoms from decades-old exposures.
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| {{Key Facts Box
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| |fact1=ADDSCO operated from 1916 to 1988 in Mobile, Alabama
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| |fact2=Peak employment reached 30,000 workers during World War II
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| |fact3=The facility built 122 vessels and repaired 2,800+ ships during WWII
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| |fact4=Essentially 100% of workers from 1930s-1970s faced asbestos exposure
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| |fact5=Airborne asbestos levels reached 100 fibers/cc—1,000 times current OSHA limits
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| |fact6=Shipyard workers are 15 times more likely to die from asbestosis than other workers
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| |fact7=Mesothelioma settlements for ADDSCO workers have reached $1.4 million
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| |fact8=11 asbestos bankruptcy trusts remain available for eligible workers
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| |fact9=Average trust fund payouts for shipyard workers total $260,000
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| |fact10=Alabama's statute of limitations is 2 years from diagnosis date
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| }}
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| == What Was Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company? ==
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| Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company emerged in December 1916 when cousins David R. Dunlap and George H. Dunlap consolidated several smaller shipbuilding operations on Pinto Island in Mobile Bay. The new company absorbed Ollinger & Bruce Shipbuilding Co., Gulf City Boiler Works, and Gulf Dry Dock with an initial capitalization exceeding $500,000. By March 1920, ADDSCO had launched a floating dry dock with a 10,000-ton lift capacity and established two large dry docks capable of handling major ship repairs.
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| During World War I, the facility employed 4,000 workers and produced eight vessels including three minesweepers. The interwar period saw ADDSCO focus primarily on ship repair contracts and barge construction. The company's most significant pre-war achievement came with the construction of the Bankhead Tunnel from 1938-1941, a $4 million Works Progress Administration project that connected Mobile to Baldwin County.
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| "In our experience representing shipyard workers, we've observed that facilities like ADDSCO used asbestos in virtually every aspect of ship construction and repair during this era," explains '''Paul Danziger''', Founding Partner at Danziger & De Llano. "The workers had no idea they were being exposed to a deadly material."
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| The attack on Pearl Harbor transformed ADDSCO into a critical defense facility virtually overnight. Employment exploded from a few thousand to 30,000 workers by 1943, making it the largest employer in southern Alabama and elevating Mobile to the state's second-largest city after Birmingham. The workforce composition reflected wartime demographics, including 18,500 men, 6,000 African Americans, and 2,500 women who began working as welders in July 1942.
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| === Production Achievements ===
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| ADDSCO's wartime production record demonstrated remarkable industrial capacity. The facility delivered 20 Liberty ships—the iconic "ugly ducklings" that formed the backbone of Allied logistics—along with 102 T2 tankers essential for fueling the war effort across two oceans. The yard simultaneously repaired over 2,800 combat vessels that returned from Pacific and Atlantic theaters requiring urgent overhaul, often working around the clock in three shifts to return damaged ships to service.
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| The postwar period saw ADDSCO transition to commercial ship repair and offshore drilling equipment fabrication. The facility's massive dry docks—including the 788-foot Alabama Dry Dock with 46,400-ton lift capacity—made it ideal for servicing the growing Gulf of Mexico oil industry through the 1970s and 1980s.
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| == What Asbestos Products Were Used at Alabama Dry Dock? ==
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| ADDSCO used asbestos extensively from the 1930s through the 1970s in hundreds of ship components. Asbestos appeared throughout the facility in ship walls, boiler room insulation, pipe coverings and linings, electrical components, tools, machinery, steam pipes, water pipes, incinerators, turbines, and pumps. The material was integral to Liberty ship and oil tanker construction.
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| Workers handled asbestos-containing materials in confined spaces with poor ventilation where fiber concentrations could exceed 100 fibers per cubic centimeter—1,000 times the current OSHA permissible exposure limit of 0.1 fibers/cc. Historical shipyard studies provide context for typical exposure levels:
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| * Insulation work generated 1.1 to 100+ fibers/cc
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| * Insulation removal produced 2.4 to 132+ fibers/cc
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| * General shipyard work ranged from 0.01 to 1 fibers/cc depending on specific tasks
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| Key asbestos manufacturers whose products were used at ADDSCO included Armstrong World Industries, Babcock & Wilcox, Owens-Corning, Combustion Engineering, Pittsburgh Corning, and U.S. Gypsum Company. Many of these companies have since established bankruptcy trusts to compensate exposed workers.
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| === Specific Asbestos Applications ===
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| Asbestos served critical functions throughout vessel construction and repair at ADDSCO. '''Thermal insulation''' wrapped steam pipes, boilers, and turbines to prevent heat loss and protect workers from burns—ironically creating far greater long-term dangers than the heat it guarded against. '''Fireproofing materials''' lined bulkheads, engine rooms, and crew quarters, with Navy specifications requiring asbestos-containing fire barriers throughout military vessels.
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| '''Gaskets and packing''' sealed pipe joints, valve stems, and pump housings throughout ship systems, releasing fibers whenever maintenance required their removal or replacement. '''Electrical insulation''' containing asbestos wrapped wiring throughout vessels, while asbestos-cement boards formed walls and ceilings in crew quarters. The ubiquity of asbestos meant that virtually every trade working on ships encountered the material, whether directly or through ambient contamination from nearby operations.
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| "The evidence typically shows that asbestos manufacturers knew about the dangers of their products but failed to warn workers or provide adequate safety equipment," notes '''David Foster''', Client Advocate at Danziger & De Llano. "This knowledge forms the basis for many successful compensation claims."
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| == Who Faced the Greatest Asbestos Exposure Risk at ADDSCO? ==
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| === Highest-Risk Occupations ===
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| '''[[Insulation Workers|Insulation installers]]''' faced the highest exposure levels as they directly handled, cut, and applied raw asbestos materials daily. These workers mixed asbestos powder with water to create insulation paste, cut asbestos cloth and blocks to fit around pipes and boilers, and worked in confined spaces where asbestos dust accumulated to dangerous levels.
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| '''[[Plumbers and Pipefitters|Pipefitters]]''' endured similar risks cutting and installing asbestos-containing pipe insulation, often using power saws that generated massive dust clouds. '''[[Boilermakers|Boiler workers]]''' maintained and repaired asbestos-lined boilers and high-heat equipment, regularly disturbing aged asbestos that released millions of fibers.
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| '''Welders''' worked continuously around asbestos insulation materials, with welding heat causing asbestos to release fibers while their work often required removing and replacing insulation. '''[[Electricians and Asbestos Exposure|Electricians]]''' handled asbestos-containing electrical components and wiring insulation throughout ships.
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| === Secondary Exposure ===
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| Secondary exposure affected engineers, shipbuilders, and general laborers who worked in contaminated areas even without directly handling asbestos. The confined nature of shipyard work meant that even administrative staff and visitors faced exposure risks from ambient asbestos dust that permeated the entire facility.
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| "We've observed that families of ADDSCO workers also faced significant exposure risks," explains '''Anna Jackson''', Client Advocate at Danziger & De Llano. "Workers routinely carried asbestos fibers home on their clothing, exposing spouses and children to deadly materials without anyone realizing the danger."
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| Studies show family members, particularly those who laundered contaminated work clothes, faced a 10-fold increased risk of developing mesothelioma from take-home asbestos exposure.
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| == What Health Conditions Affect Former ADDSCO Workers? ==
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| Medical studies confirm devastating health impacts among ADDSCO's workforce. Workers developed multiple asbestos-related diseases:
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| '''[[Understanding Your Diagnosis|Mesothelioma]]''' is a rare and aggressive cancer of the tissue surrounding the lungs and organs. One in three mesothelioma patients worked in shipyards or served in the Navy. The disease shows a median latency period of 42.8 years according to a 2007 shipyard study, with general ranges of 20-50 years before symptoms manifest.
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| '''Asbestosis''' is an irreversible lung scarring condition. An Ulster Medical Society study found that shipyard workers have asbestosis mortality rates many times higher than other occupations, with 86% of studied ship repair workers eventually developing asbestosis.
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| '''Asbestos-related lung cancer''' affects shipyard workers at significantly elevated rates. Workers exposed to both asbestos and tobacco smoke face multiplicative risk increases.
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| Additional conditions include adenocarcinoma, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. St. Clair County, Alabama, ranks among the top 50 U.S. counties for mesothelioma deaths with 21 per 100,000 residents from 2000-2009.
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| "The cruel reality of asbestos diseases is their long latency period," explains '''Paul Danziger''', Founding Partner at Danziger & De Llano. "Workers exposed in the 1970s continue developing fatal diseases today—and they still have legal options for compensation."
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| == What Legal Options Exist for ADDSCO Workers and Families? ==
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| The scale of asbestos exposure at ADDSCO generated extensive litigation that ultimately forced the company into financial collapse. Current compensation pathways include multiple avenues:
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| === Personal Injury Lawsuits ===
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| Individual lawsuits against asbestos manufacturers have proven highly successful. Documented ADDSCO-related settlements include $1,367,964 for a 62-year-old construction and plant worker and $660,028 for a 73-year-old laborer. Average mesothelioma settlements reach $1 million to $1.4 million, with trial verdicts averaging $20.7 million nationally.
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| A notable 2023 federal case, Craig v. Chesterton Company, involved a plaintiff who developed mesothelioma from washing her pipefitter husband's contaminated work clothes during his 15-year ADDSCO employment.
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| === [[Asbestos Trust Funds|Asbestos Bankruptcy Trusts]] ===
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| Eleven major asbestos bankruptcy trusts from ADDSCO suppliers remain available with over $30 billion in total funding. Key trusts include:
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| * Armstrong World Industries (1940-1982 exposure dates)
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| * Babcock & Wilcox (1940-1982)
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| * Owens-Corning (1938-1982)
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| * Combustion Engineering
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| * Pittsburgh Corning (1970-present)
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| * U.S. Gypsum Company (1940-1968)
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| Typical shipyard workers with mesothelioma receive approximately $260,000 from trust funds, with average combined payouts ranging $300,000-$400,000. Some workers have received over $750,000 depending on exposure history, with claims typically processed within 3-6 months.
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| "We've helped many ADDSCO families pursue both trust fund claims and lawsuits simultaneously," notes '''Larry Gates''', Client Advocate at Danziger & De Llano. "This multi-track approach often maximizes total compensation while providing faster initial payments through the trusts."
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| === [[Veterans Benefits]] ===
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| Veterans who worked at ADDSCO can additionally claim VA benefits providing $4,044.91+ monthly for 100% disability ratings. There is no time limit for filing VA claims, and veterans may pursue both VA benefits and manufacturer lawsuits simultaneously.
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| == How Do ADDSCO Workers File Compensation Claims? ==
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| Alabama maintains a two-year statute of limitations from diagnosis date for personal injury claims and from death date for wrongful death claims. The state follows the discovery rule, which starts the clock at diagnosis rather than exposure.
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| === Required Documentation ===
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| Affected workers should gather the following evidence:
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| * Medical records confirming asbestos-related disease diagnosis
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| * Employment history at ADDSCO with dates and job titles
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| * Product identification showing exposure to specific manufacturers' asbestos materials
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| * Witness statements from coworkers who can verify exposure conditions
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| === Multi-Track Compensation Strategy ===
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| The optimal approach involves pursuing multiple compensation sources:
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| # Filing trust fund claims that can begin paying within 90 days
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| # Pursuing personal injury lawsuits for larger settlements
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| # Claiming VA benefits if eligible for veteran status
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| Trust fund claims allow multiple filings if workers were exposed to different companies' products, providing faster resolution than lawsuits while preserving the right to pursue litigation.
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| "Time is critical in asbestos cases due to statutes of limitations and the health challenges our clients face," explains '''Paul Danziger''', Founding Partner at Danziger & De Llano. "We work on contingency with no upfront costs, allowing families to pursue full compensation without financial barriers."
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| == What Is the Current Status of the ADDSCO Site? ==
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| Following ADDSCO's 1988 closure, the facility underwent multiple ownership changes. Atlantic Marine acquired the site in 1992, followed by BAE Systems in 2010 for $352 million. BAE announced permanent closure in March 2018, with only 170 remaining workers.
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| In September 2024, United Submarine Alliance Qualified Opportunity Fund acquired the facility, renaming it Mobile Naval Yard. The site now supports U.S. Navy Columbia-class and Virginia-class submarine programs as part of a $512 million contract to Austal USA. With 355 acres, 8,000 linear feet of pier space, and the massive Alabama Dry Dock measuring 788 feet long with 46,400-ton lift capacity, the site maintains strategic importance while operating under modern safety standards.
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| While ADDSCO avoided Superfund designation, the facility's asbestos use created widespread community health impacts extending far beyond direct workers. The economic transformation from 30,000 workers at peak to modern operations with approximately 300-3,000 employees represents Mobile's shifting industrial landscape.
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| == How Does [[Secondary Exposure]] Affect ADDSCO Families? ==
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| Family members of ADDSCO workers faced significant asbestos exposure through take-home contamination. Workers routinely carried asbestos fibers home on clothing, hair, and skin, creating household exposure pathways affecting thousands of Mobile families.
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| Studies confirm that even brief secondary contact can cause mesothelioma decades later. Family members, particularly wives and daughters who laundered contaminated work clothes, faced a 10-fold increased risk of developing mesothelioma.
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| "We've represented numerous family members who developed mesothelioma from secondary exposure," notes '''Yvette Abrego''', Client Advocate at Danziger & De Llano. "These cases require careful documentation of the household exposure pathway, but they remain fully compensable under the law."
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| Courts have recognized secondary exposure claims, as demonstrated in the Craig v. Chesterton Company case involving an ADDSCO worker's spouse.
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| == See Also ==
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| * [[Avondale Shipyard]] — New Orleans shipyard with similar Gulf Coast exposure patterns
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| * [[Tampa Bay Shipbuilding Company]] — Another major Gulf Coast WWII shipyard
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| * [[Ingalls Shipbuilding]] — Mississippi Gulf Coast shipyard with comparable asbestos use
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| * [[Todd Shipyards]] — Operated multiple facilities including Gulf Coast locations
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| * [[Electricians and Asbestos Exposure]] — Occupation profile for shipyard electricians
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| * [[Factory Workers and Asbestos Exposure]] — Industrial exposure similar to shipyard work
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| * [[Asbestos Trust Funds]] — Overview of compensation pathways
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| * [[Veterans Benefits]] — VA disability and benefits information
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| == References ==
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| * [https://dandell.com/mesothelioma-lawyer/alabama/ Mesothelioma Lawyers Alabama | Danziger & De Llano]
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| * [https://dandell.com/mesothelioma-lawyer/alabama/birmingham-al/ Birmingham Mesothelioma Lawyer | Danziger & De Llano]
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| * [https://dandell.com/mesothelioma/mesothelioma-diagnosis/mesothelioma-risk-shipyard-oil-construction-workers-most-at-risk/ Mesothelioma Risk: Shipyard, Oil & Construction Workers]
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| * [https://dandell.com/mesothelioma-compensation/ Mesothelioma Compensation | Danziger & De Llano]
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| * [https://dandell.com/mesothelioma/mesothelioma-asbestos-trust-fund-payouts/ Mesothelioma and Asbestos Trust Fund Payouts Guide]
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| * [https://dandell.com/settlements/ Mesothelioma Settlements | Danziger & De Llano]
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| * [https://dandell.com/asbestos-exposure/ Asbestos Exposure Lawyers | Danziger & De Llano]
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| * [https://dandell.com/mesothelioma-veterans/ Veterans & Mesothelioma Claims | Danziger & De Llano]
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| * [https://www.mesotheliomalawyercenter.org/entity/mobile/ Mobile, Alabama | Mesothelioma Lawyer Center]
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| * [https://www.mesotheliomalawyercenter.org/entity/shipyards/ Shipyards & Dockyards Explained | Mesothelioma Lawyer Center]
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| * [https://www.mesotheliomalawyercenter.org/blog/mesothelioma-from-take-home-exposure-creates-liability-for-shipyard/ Take-Home Asbestos Exposure Leads to Mesothelioma Liability]
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| * [https://www.mesotheliomalawyercenter.org/blog/11-2-million-awarded-to-mesothelioma-victim-who-dismantled-world-war-ii-ships/ $11.2 Million Verdict for WWII Shipyard Mesothelioma Victim]
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| * [https://www.mesotheliomalawyercenter.org/blog/shipyard-asbestos-exposure-legal-options/ Shipyard Asbestos Exposure: Legal Options for Veterans]
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| * [https://mesothelioma.net/shipyard-workers-asbestos-exposure/ Shipyard Workers and Asbestos Exposure | Mesothelioma Risks]
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| * [https://mesothelioma.net/alabama-mesothelioma-lawyer/ Alabama Mesothelioma Lawyer | Mesothelioma.net]
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| * [https://mesothelioma.net/alabama-mesothelioma-treatment-and-doctors/ Alabama Mesothelioma Treatment and Doctors]
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| * [https://mesothelioma.net/asbestos-exposure-at-naval-shipyards/ Naval Shipyards | Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma]
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| * [https://mesothelioma.net/mesothelioma-and-veterans/ Mesothelioma and Veterans | VA Benefits and Healthcare]
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| * [https://www.mesotheliomaattorney.com Alabama Mesothelioma Attorney Resources]
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| [[Category:Shipyards]]
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| [[Category:Commercial Shipyards]]
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| [[Category:Alabama]]
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| [[Category:Gulf Coast Shipyards]]
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| [[Category:Asbestos Exposure Sites]]
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| '''Page Author:''' Paul Danziger, Founding Partner, Danziger & De Llano, LLP
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