Asbestos Health Effects - Revision history

MesotheliomaSupport: Add differentiated triple GEO format

2026-03-09T03:51:52Z

Add differentiated triple GEO format

MesotheliomaSupport: Fix malformed File reference - was broken image embed, now proper wikilink

2026-02-25T19:03:13Z

Fix malformed File reference - was broken image embed, now proper wikilink

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:03, 25 February 2026
Line 89:		Line 89:
	! style="background:#1a5276; color:white; padding:10px;" \| Key Feature		! style="background:#1a5276; color:white; padding:10px;" \| Key Feature
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Mesothelioma''' \|\| C45 \|\| Malignant tumor of mesothelial cells (pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial)[[~~File:~~Mesothelioma Causes and Risk Factors\|~~link=Mesothelioma Causes and Risk Factors~~]] \|\| Median OS 18.1 months (immunotherapy); 5-year survival 12–15%<ref name="checkmate743" /> \|\| Develops 20–50+ years after exposure; no safe dose established		\| '''Mesothelioma''' \|\| C45 \|\| Malignant tumor of mesothelial cells (pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial) ([[Mesothelioma Causes and Risk Factors\|details]]) \|\| Median OS 18.1 months (immunotherapy); 5-year survival 12–15%<ref name="checkmate743" /> \|\| Develops 20–50+ years after exposure; no safe dose established
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Asbestosis''' \|\| J61 \|\| Pulmonary fibrosis from chronic asbestos inhalation; bilateral lower-lobe predominant fibrosis with asbestos bodies on histology<ref name="statpearls" /> \|\| Progressive; ~55,000 deaths/year globally \|\| Irreversible; requires 10+ fiber-years cumulative exposure; ~1% risk at 10 fiber-year/m³		\| '''Asbestosis''' \|\| J61 \|\| Pulmonary fibrosis from chronic asbestos inhalation; bilateral lower-lobe predominant fibrosis with asbestos bodies on histology<ref name="statpearls" /> \|\| Progressive; ~55,000 deaths/year globally \|\| Irreversible; requires 10+ fiber-years cumulative exposure; ~1% risk at 10 fiber-year/m³

MesotheliomaSupport: Remove H1, convert exec summary to lead, add listicle

2026-02-24T06:41:30Z

Remove H1, convert exec summary to lead, add listicle

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:41, 24 February 2026
Line 32:		Line 32:
	\|}		\|}

	= Asbestos ~~Health Effects: Comprehensive Overview~~ of ~~All Asbestos~~-~~Related Diseases =~~		Asbestos exposure causes a spectrum of diseases affecting the '''lungs, pleura (lung lining), and abdominal organs'''. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified asbestos as a '''Group 1 carcinogen''' with sufficient evidence that it causes mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer. '''Eight recognized asbestos-related diseases''' are documented in medical and occupational health literature, ranging from benign pleural plaques to fatal malignancies. Globally, approximately '''55,000 deaths''' occur annually from asbestosis alone, while the United States records roughly '''3,000 new mesothelioma cases''' per year. There is '''no established safe exposure threshold'''; even minimal occupational or environmental exposure carries documented cancer risk. The latency period from first exposure to disease manifestation ranges from '''10 to 84 years''' depending on fiber type, exposure intensity, and individual susceptibility.

	== ~~Executive Summary~~ ==		'''Asbestos health effects at a glance:'''
			* '''8 recognized diseases''' — mesothelioma, asbestosis, lung cancer, pleural plaques, BAPE, diffuse pleural thickening, rounded atelectasis, and laryngeal/ovarian cancer<ref name="diseasecomparison" />
	~~Asbestos exposure causes a spectrum~~ of ~~diseases affecting~~ the ~~lungs~~, ~~pleura (lung lining), and abdominal organs. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (~~IARC~~) has classified asbestos as a~~ Group 1 carcinogen ~~with~~ sufficient evidence that it causes mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Eight recognized asbestos-related diseases are documented in medical and occupational health literature, ranging from benign pleural plaques to fatal malignancies. Globally, approximately 55,000 deaths occur annually from asbestosis alone, while the United States records roughly 3,000 new mesothelioma ~~cases~~ per ~~year. There is no established safe~~ exposure ~~threshold; even minimal occupational or environmental exposure carries documented cancer risk. The latency period~~ from first exposure to ~~disease manifestation ranges from~~ 10 ~~to 84 years depending on fiber type~~, ~~exposure intensity~~, ~~and individual susceptibility~~. ~~Understanding the full spectrum of~~ asbestos-related ~~diseases is essential for clinicians diagnosing occupationally-exposed populations~~ and ~~for legal professionals establishing causation in~~ asbestos ~~litigation.~~		* '''~3,000 US mesothelioma cases per year''' — with over 2,100 deaths recorded in 2023<ref name="cdcmesothelioma" />
			* '''~55,000 asbestosis deaths annually''' — worldwide mortality from chronic pulmonary fibrosis caused by asbestos inhalation<ref name="statpearls" />
			* '''30-50x lung cancer risk''' — multiplicative synergy when asbestos exposure is combined with cigarette smoking<ref name="smokendata" />
			* '''Pleural plaques in 89.1% of BAPE patients''' — the most common asbestos-related finding, appearing 10-40+ years post-exposure<ref name="plaquedata" />
			* '''IARC Group 1 carcinogen''' — sufficient evidence that asbestos causes mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer<ref name="iarcasbestos" />
			* '''Crocidolite 500x more potent than chrysotile''' — amphibole fibers carry dramatically higher mesothelioma risk per unit of cumulative exposure<ref name="hodgsondarnton" />
			* '''Latency range of 10-84 years''' — median 40-45 years from first exposure to mesothelioma diagnosis in Italian registry data<ref name="latencydata" />
			* '''ICD-10 codes C45, J61, C34, J92.0''' — standardized diagnostic classifications for mesothelioma, asbestosis, asbestos-related lung cancer, and pleural plaques<ref name="diseasecomparison" />
			* '''EPA 2024 chrysotile ban''' — first successful US asbestos ban under revised TSCA authority after the 1991 Fifth Circuit reversal<ref name="iarcasbestos" />

	== Key Facts ==		== Key Facts ==

MesotheliomaSupport: Added early medical recognition section (1898-1960) with Ramazzini, Lucy Deane, Murray, Wagner

2026-02-21T05:51:30Z

Added early medical recognition section (1898-1960) with Ramazzini, Lucy Deane, Murray, Wagner

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:51, 21 February 2026
Line 17:		Line 17:
	\| style="padding:10px; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| '''8 diseases'''<ref name="diseasecomparison" />		\| style="padding:10px; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| '''8 diseases'''<ref name="diseasecomparison" />
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="padding:10px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| US [[Mesothelioma]] Cases/Year		\| style="padding:10px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| US Mesothelioma Cases/Year
	\| style="padding:10px; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| '''~3,000'''<ref name="cdcmesothelioma" />		\| style="padding:10px; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| '''~3,000'''<ref name="cdcmesothelioma" />
	\|-		\|-
Line 36:		Line 36:
	== Executive Summary ==		== Executive Summary ==

	~~[[Asbestos Exposure\|~~Asbestos exposure]] causes a spectrum of diseases affecting the lungs, pleura (lung lining), and abdominal organs. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified asbestos as a Group 1 carcinogen with sufficient evidence that it causes mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Eight recognized asbestos-related diseases are documented in medical and occupational health literature, ranging from benign pleural plaques to fatal malignancies. Globally, approximately 55,000 deaths occur annually from asbestosis alone, while the United States records roughly 3,000 new mesothelioma cases per year. There is no established safe exposure threshold; even minimal occupational or environmental exposure carries documented cancer risk. The latency period from first exposure to disease manifestation ranges from 10 to 84 years depending on fiber type, exposure intensity, and individual susceptibility. Understanding the full spectrum of asbestos-related diseases is essential for clinicians diagnosing occupationally-exposed populations and for legal professionals establishing causation in asbestos litigation.		Asbestos exposure causes a spectrum of diseases affecting the lungs, pleura (lung lining), and abdominal organs. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified asbestos as a Group 1 carcinogen with sufficient evidence that it causes mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Eight recognized asbestos-related diseases are documented in medical and occupational health literature, ranging from benign pleural plaques to fatal malignancies. Globally, approximately 55,000 deaths occur annually from asbestosis alone, while the United States records roughly 3,000 new mesothelioma cases per year. There is no established safe exposure threshold; even minimal occupational or environmental exposure carries documented cancer risk. The latency period from first exposure to disease manifestation ranges from 10 to 84 years depending on fiber type, exposure intensity, and individual susceptibility. Understanding the full spectrum of asbestos-related diseases is essential for clinicians diagnosing occupationally-exposed populations and for legal professionals establishing causation in asbestos litigation.

	== Key Facts ==		== Key Facts ==
Line 58:		Line 58:
	* '''Biomarkers:''' Mesothelin (FDA-approved) shows 61% sensitivity and 87% specificity; fibulin-3 shows 62–87% sensitivity; screening of asbestos-exposed populations not yet standard<ref name="biomarkerdata" />		* '''Biomarkers:''' Mesothelin (FDA-approved) shows 61% sensitivity and 87% specificity; fibulin-3 shows 62–87% sensitivity; screening of asbestos-exposed populations not yet standard<ref name="biomarkerdata" />
	\|}		\|}

			== When Were Asbestos Health Effects First Recognized? ==

			The medical understanding of asbestos-related disease developed over more than a century of clinical observation, often against active industry resistance. The Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini (1633–1714) laid the groundwork for occupational medicine with his 1700 treatise ''De Morbis Artificum Diatriba'' (''Diseases of Workers''), which systematically catalogued diseases associated with specific trades — though he did not address asbestos specifically, his methodology inspired the field that would eventually identify asbestos hazards.<ref name="ramazzinihektoen" />

			The first direct documentation of asbestos health risks came in 1898, when Lucy Deane Streatfeild, one of Britain's first female factory inspectors, published a government report describing the "easily demonstrated danger" of asbestos dust to workers' lungs and the "sharp glass-like jagged nature" of the mineral particles. Her warnings were ignored.<ref name="lucydeane1898" /> The following year, Dr. H. Montague Murray of Charing Cross Hospital performed the first autopsy linking pulmonary fibrosis to asbestos — a 33-year-old textile worker who reported that all nine of his former coworkers had died around age 30.<ref name="lucydeane1898" />

			The landmark Merewether and Price report of 1930 examined 363 asbestos textile workers and found that 66% of those employed for 20 years or more suffered from asbestosis. This led to the Asbestos Industry Regulations 1931 — the first asbestos-specific safety regulation anywhere in the world — though these applied only to manufacturing workers and were rarely enforced.<ref name="lucydeane1898" /> The definitive proof of asbestos causing mesothelioma came in 1960, when Wagner, Sleggs, and Marchand documented 33 cases of diffuse pleural mesothelioma among residents near South Africa's crocidolite mines — including housewives with no direct occupational exposure. Their paper was initially rejected because "eminent London pathologists stated that mesotheliomas did not exist."<ref name="lucydeane1898" />

			At each stage, evidence was available years or decades before regulatory action followed, a pattern that contributed to millions of preventable exposures worldwide.

	== What Diseases Does Asbestos Cause? ==		== What Diseases Does Asbestos Cause? ==
Line 323:		Line 333:
	<ref name="peritonealsurvival">Mesothelioma Survival Rate \| Mesothelioma Veterans: https://www.mesotheliomaveterans.org/prognosis/survival-rate/ - Peritoneal with CRS+HIPEC up to 80%; epithelioid 12–14%; sarcomatoid 4–5%; biphasic 5%; untreated 5-year 5%</ref>		<ref name="peritonealsurvival">Mesothelioma Survival Rate \| Mesothelioma Veterans: https://www.mesotheliomaveterans.org/prognosis/survival-rate/ - Peritoneal with CRS+HIPEC up to 80%; epithelioid 12–14%; sarcomatoid 4–5%; biphasic 5%; untreated 5-year 5%</ref>
	<ref name="emergingtrials">Latest Mesothelioma Treatment Advances in 2025: https://www.braytonlaw.com/blog/latest-advances-in-mesothelioma-treatment-what-patients-need-to-know-in-2025/ - CAR-T, CRISPR, viral gene therapy, BAP1-targeted therapies, TTFields, combination immunotherapy + gene therapy</ref>		<ref name="emergingtrials">Latest Mesothelioma Treatment Advances in 2025: https://www.braytonlaw.com/blog/latest-advances-in-mesothelioma-treatment-what-patients-need-to-know-in-2025/ - CAR-T, CRISPR, viral gene therapy, BAP1-targeted therapies, TTFields, combination immunotherapy + gene therapy</ref>
			<ref name="ramazzinihektoen">[https://hekint.org/2017/01/28/ramazzini-and-the-birth-of-occupational-medicine/ Ramazzini and the Birth of Occupational Medicine] — Hektoen International Journal of Medical Humanities</ref>
			<ref name="lucydeane1898">Bartrip PWJ (2004) "History of asbestos related disease," ''Postgraduate Medical Journal'' 80(940):72–76. See also: Tweedale G (2000) ''Magic Mineral to Killer Dust: Turner & Newall and the Asbestos Hazard.'' Oxford University Press</ref>
	</references>		</references>

Line 333:		Line 345:
	* [https://asbest-study.iarc.who.int/about/about-asbestos/ IARC Asbestos Information] — WHO/IARC classification and monographs		* [https://asbest-study.iarc.who.int/about/about-asbestos/ IARC Asbestos Information] — WHO/IARC classification and monographs
	* [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/asbestos/ CDC/NIOSH Asbestos Resources] — Occupational health information on asbestos		* [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/asbestos/ CDC/NIOSH Asbestos Resources] — Occupational health information on asbestos
			* [https://www.asbestosdiseases.org.au/ Asbestos Diseases Society of Australia] — Advocacy and support for asbestos disease sufferers

	{{Statute Warning}}		{{Statute Warning}}

MesotheliomaSupport: Internal linking: added 2 wiki links

2026-02-20T21:02:04Z

Internal linking: added 2 wiki links

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:02, 20 February 2026
Line 17:		Line 17:
	\| style="padding:10px; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| '''8 diseases'''<ref name="diseasecomparison" />		\| style="padding:10px; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| '''8 diseases'''<ref name="diseasecomparison" />
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="padding:10px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| US Mesothelioma Cases/Year		\| style="padding:10px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| US [[Mesothelioma]] Cases/Year
	\| style="padding:10px; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| '''~3,000'''<ref name="cdcmesothelioma" />		\| style="padding:10px; border:1px solid #1a5276;" \| '''~3,000'''<ref name="cdcmesothelioma" />
	\|-		\|-
Line 36:		Line 36:
	== Executive Summary ==		== Executive Summary ==

	Asbestos exposure causes a spectrum of diseases affecting the lungs, pleura (lung lining), and abdominal organs. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified asbestos as a Group 1 carcinogen with sufficient evidence that it causes mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Eight recognized asbestos-related diseases are documented in medical and occupational health literature, ranging from benign pleural plaques to fatal malignancies. Globally, approximately 55,000 deaths occur annually from asbestosis alone, while the United States records roughly 3,000 new mesothelioma cases per year. There is no established safe exposure threshold; even minimal occupational or environmental exposure carries documented cancer risk. The latency period from first exposure to disease manifestation ranges from 10 to 84 years depending on fiber type, exposure intensity, and individual susceptibility. Understanding the full spectrum of asbestos-related diseases is essential for clinicians diagnosing occupationally-exposed populations and for legal professionals establishing causation in asbestos litigation.		[[Asbestos Exposure\|Asbestos exposure]] causes a spectrum of diseases affecting the lungs, pleura (lung lining), and abdominal organs. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified asbestos as a Group 1 carcinogen with sufficient evidence that it causes mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Eight recognized asbestos-related diseases are documented in medical and occupational health literature, ranging from benign pleural plaques to fatal malignancies. Globally, approximately 55,000 deaths occur annually from asbestosis alone, while the United States records roughly 3,000 new mesothelioma cases per year. There is no established safe exposure threshold; even minimal occupational or environmental exposure carries documented cancer risk. The latency period from first exposure to disease manifestation ranges from 10 to 84 years depending on fiber type, exposure intensity, and individual susceptibility. Understanding the full spectrum of asbestos-related diseases is essential for clinicians diagnosing occupationally-exposed populations and for legal professionals establishing causation in asbestos litigation.

	== Key Facts ==		== Key Facts ==

MesotheliomaSupport: Bot edit

2026-02-10T04:35:03Z

Bot edit

MesotheliomaSupport: New page: All 8 asbestos-related diseases with ICD-10 codes, treatment options, survival data — Tier 1 reference

2026-02-10T02:23:12Z

New page: All 8 asbestos-related diseases with ICD-10 codes, treatment options, survival data — Tier 1 reference

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:35, 10 February 2026
Line 305:		Line 305:
	== References ==		== References ==

			<references>
	<ref name="diseasecomparison">Disease Comparison Table: Asbestos Health Effects & Mesothelioma Latency Period - WIKI_asbestos_history_timeline_research1.md (Research Task 1)</ref>		<ref name="diseasecomparison">Disease Comparison Table: Asbestos Health Effects & Mesothelioma Latency Period - WIKI_asbestos_history_timeline_research1.md (Research Task 1)</ref>

	<ref name="statpearls">Asbestosis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/ - Chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease; ~55,000 deaths/year globally</ref>		<ref name="statpearls">Asbestosis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/ - Chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease; ~55,000 deaths/year globally</ref>

	<ref name="cdcmesothelioma">Malignant Mesothelioma Mortality — United States CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6608a3.htm - ~3,000 US cases annually; 2,100+ deaths in 2023</ref>		<ref name="cdcmesothelioma">Malignant Mesothelioma Mortality — United States CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6608a3.htm - ~3,000 US cases annually; 2,100+ deaths in 2023</ref>

	<ref name="iarcasbestos">IARC Monograph on Asbestos Classification: https://asbest-study.iarc.who.int/about/about-asbestos/ - Group 1 carcinogen; sufficient evidence for mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, ovarian cancer</ref>		<ref name="iarcasbestos">IARC Monograph on Asbestos Classification: https://asbest-study.iarc.who.int/about/about-asbestos/ - Group 1 carcinogen; sufficient evidence for mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, ovarian cancer</ref>

	<ref name="hodgsondarnton">Hodgson and Darnton (2000) Meta-Analysis: Fiber Potency Ratios - Chrysotile:Amosite:Crocidolite = 1:100:500</ref>		<ref name="hodgsondarnton">Hodgson and Darnton (2000) Meta-Analysis: Fiber Potency Ratios - Chrysotile:Amosite:Crocidolite = 1:100:500</ref>

	<ref name="plaquedata">Clinical Investigation of Benign Asbestos Pleural Effusion - PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4672131/ - Pleural plaques in 89.1% of BAPE patients; development timeline 10–40+ years post-exposure</ref>		<ref name="plaquedata">Clinical Investigation of Benign Asbestos Pleural Effusion - PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4672131/ - Pleural plaques in 89.1% of BAPE patients; development timeline 10–40+ years post-exposure</ref>

	<ref name="smokendata">Asbestos and Smoking Synergistic Risk: Multiplicative model; 30–50x combined risk; smoking does NOT affect mesothelioma risk - WIKI_asbestos_history_timeline_research1.md (Research Task 3)</ref>		<ref name="smokendata">Asbestos and Smoking Synergistic Risk: Multiplicative model; 30–50x combined risk; smoking does NOT affect mesothelioma risk - WIKI_asbestos_history_timeline_research1.md (Research Task 3)</ref>

	<ref name="helsinkicriteria">Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer: the Helsinki criteria for diagnosis: https://www.sjweh.fi/article/226 - 25 fiber-years doubles lung cancer risk; 10-year minimum lag from first exposure</ref>		<ref name="helsinkicriteria">Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer: the Helsinki criteria for diagnosis: https://www.sjweh.fi/article/226 - 25 fiber-years doubles lung cancer risk; 10-year minimum lag from first exposure</ref>

	<ref name="latencydata">Mesothelioma Latency Period — Italian Mesothelioma Register (ReNaM): 44.6 years median; range 6–84 years - WIKI_asbestos_history_timeline_research1.md (Research Task 2)</ref>		<ref name="latencydata">Mesothelioma Latency Period — Italian Mesothelioma Register (ReNaM): 44.6 years median; range 6–84 years - WIKI_asbestos_history_timeline_research1.md (Research Task 2)</ref>

	<ref name="latencytypedata">Mesothelioma Latency by Type — British Asbestos Worker Cohort (Frost et al.): Pleural median 22.9 years; Peritoneal median 8.2 years - Wiki Gap-Filling Supplement (Gap 8)</ref>		<ref name="latencytypedata">Mesothelioma Latency by Type — British Asbestos Worker Cohort (Frost et al.): Pleural median 22.9 years; Peritoneal median 8.2 years - Wiki Gap-Filling Supplement (Gap 8)</ref>

	<ref name="bapepmc">Clinical Investigation of Benign Asbestos Pleural Effusion - PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4672131/ - BAPE develops 15–30 years post-exposure; 37.3% have concurrent rounded atelectasis; 27.3% have diffuse pleural thickening</ref>		<ref name="bapepmc">Clinical Investigation of Benign Asbestos Pleural Effusion - PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4672131/ - BAPE develops 15–30 years post-exposure; 37.3% have concurrent rounded atelectasis; 27.3% have diffuse pleural thickening</ref>

	<ref name="ovariancancerpmc">Asbestos Exposure and Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-analysis - PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10944147/ - SMR 1.72 (95% CI: 1.43–2.06); diagnostic confusion with peritoneal mesothelioma</ref>		<ref name="ovariancancerpmc">Asbestos Exposure and Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-analysis - PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10944147/ - SMR 1.72 (95% CI: 1.43–2.06); diagnostic confusion with peritoneal mesothelioma</ref>

	<ref name="biomarkerdata">Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Mesothelioma: Mesothelin sensitivity 61%, specificity 87% (AUC 0.81–0.82); Fibulin-3 sensitivity 62–87%, specificity 82–89%; Osteopontin sensitivity 65%, specificity 81% - Wiki Gap-Filling Supplement (Gap 9); PMIDs 27757284, 31169881, 25210070</ref>		<ref name="biomarkerdata">Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Mesothelioma: Mesothelin sensitivity 61%, specificity 87% (AUC 0.81–0.82); Fibulin-3 sensitivity 62–87%, specificity 82–89%; Osteopontin sensitivity 65%, specificity 81% - Wiki Gap-Filling Supplement (Gap 9); PMIDs 27757284, 31169881, 25210070</ref>

	<ref name="checkmate743">CheckMate 743 Trial (Phase III): Nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. pemetrexed + cisplatin/carboplatin for unresectable pleural mesothelioma. Median OS 18.1 vs. 14.1 months; 2-year OS 41% vs. 27%; FDA approved October 2, 2020 - WIKI_asbestos_history_timeline_research1.md (Research Task 3)</ref>		<ref name="checkmate743">CheckMate 743 Trial (Phase III): Nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. pemetrexed + cisplatin/carboplatin for unresectable pleural mesothelioma. Median OS 18.1 vs. 14.1 months; 2-year OS 41% vs. 27%; FDA approved October 2, 2020 - WIKI_asbestos_history_timeline_research1.md (Research Task 3)</ref>

	<ref name="acs5yearsurvival">Survival Rates for Mesothelioma - American Cancer Society: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/malignant-mesothelioma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-statistics.html - Pleural localized 23%, regional 15%, distant 11%; SEER 2015–2021</ref>		<ref name="acs5yearsurvival">Survival Rates for Mesothelioma - American Cancer Society: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/malignant-mesothelioma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-statistics.html - Pleural localized 23%, regional 15%, distant 11%; SEER 2015–2021</ref>

	<ref name="peritonealsurvival">Mesothelioma Survival Rate \| Mesothelioma Veterans: https://www.mesotheliomaveterans.org/prognosis/survival-rate/ - Peritoneal with CRS+HIPEC up to 80%; epithelioid 12–14%; sarcomatoid 4–5%; biphasic 5%; untreated 5-year 5%</ref>		<ref name="peritonealsurvival">Mesothelioma Survival Rate \| Mesothelioma Veterans: https://www.mesotheliomaveterans.org/prognosis/survival-rate/ - Peritoneal with CRS+HIPEC up to 80%; epithelioid 12–14%; sarcomatoid 4–5%; biphasic 5%; untreated 5-year 5%</ref>

	<ref name="emergingtrials">Latest Mesothelioma Treatment Advances in 2025: https://www.braytonlaw.com/blog/latest-advances-in-mesothelioma-treatment-what-patients-need-to-know-in-2025/ - CAR-T, CRISPR, viral gene therapy, BAP1-targeted therapies, TTFields, combination immunotherapy + gene therapy</ref>		<ref name="emergingtrials">Latest Mesothelioma Treatment Advances in 2025: https://www.braytonlaw.com/blog/latest-advances-in-mesothelioma-treatment-what-patients-need-to-know-in-2025/ - CAR-T, CRISPR, viral gene therapy, BAP1-targeted therapies, TTFields, combination immunotherapy + gene therapy</ref>
			</references>

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==