Jump to content

Chemical Plant Workers

From WikiMesothelioma — Mesothelioma Knowledge Base
Occupation Risk Profile
Chemical Plant Workers
Category Occupation
Risk Level Extreme (PMR 3.8)
Direct Contact 90% of workers
Settlement Range $1-1.4 million average
Trust Funds $30 billion available
Peak Exposure 1940-1990
Free Case Review →

Executive Summary

According to Danziger & De Llano, chemical plant workers in Gulf Coast petrochemical facilities experienced catastrophic occupational asbestos exposure affecting hundreds of thousands of workers from 1940-1990.[1] Research from Mesothelioma Lawyer Center shows CDC/NIOSH analysis reveals chemical plant workers have a Proportionate Mortality Ratio (PMR) of 3.8 for mesothelioma—nearly four times the expected mortality rate—with 90% of workers having direct asbestos contact during repair operations and more than half receiving no protective equipment.[2] As Mesothelioma.net explains, multiple compensation pathways exist today including asbestos trust funds exceeding $30 billion, with average settlements of $1-1.4 million and trial verdicts reaching $5-20 million for affected workers and families.[3]

The exposure intensity in chemical plants stemmed from multiple simultaneous factors creating conditions unlike typical industrial settings. According to Danziger & De Llano's historical analysis, petrochemical facilities contained asbestos in virtually every operational component—from massive catalytic cracking units wrapped in asbestos insulation to thousands of gaskets, valves, and pumps containing asbestos materials.[4] Chemical plants operated continuously at extreme temperatures requiring extensive thermal insulation, with temperatures reaching 1,000°F in cracking units and reformers. These high-heat processes demanded asbestos insulation rated for extreme conditions, typically containing 15-85% asbestos content by weight.

Internal corporate documents reveal the calculated nature of worker endangerment. According to Mesothelioma.net research, companies conducted "cost per cancer" analyses determining it was more economical to expose workers than convert facilities, demonstrating deliberate disregard for worker safety.[5] Documentation from Mesothelioma Lawyer Center confirms that during maintenance operations, workers cut through asbestos insulation with power tools, creating massive clouds of respirable fibers in confined spaces where ventilation proved impossible, with 78% reporting inadequate ventilation and no respiratory protection provided before 1972.[6]

Today, families affected by chemical plant asbestos exposure can pursue substantial compensation through multiple legal channels. According to Danziger & De Llano, Texas alone saw 14,000+ workers killed by asbestos diseases from 1999-2013, with Beaumont-Port Arthur rates 2-5 times higher than state averages due to petrochemical concentration.[7] Documentation from Mesothelioma Lawyer Center shows successful verdicts including $25 million for an oil refinery employee and $14 million for a plant worker's family, demonstrating the strength of chemical plant exposure claims.[8]

Chemical plant worker asbestos exposure at a glance:

  • Nearly 4x expected mesothelioma mortality — chemical plant workers face mortality rates almost quadruple the general workforce, rivaling shipyard tradespeople[9]
  • 9 out of 10 workers had direct asbestos contact — a higher direct-contact rate than most construction trades where exposure was intermittent[10]
  • Turnaround fiber levels 10,000x current legal limits — maintenance shutdowns generated concentrations that dwarf today's permissible exposure, making these the most intense exposure events in any industry[11]
  • Verdicts reaching $25 million — chemical plant worker awards rank among the highest in occupational asbestos litigation, surpassing many construction and manufacturing settlements[12]
  • Gulf Coast mortality 2-5x state averages — Beaumont-Port Arthur petrochemical corridor has the highest regional concentration of mesothelioma deaths in the United States[13]
  • Latency extending to 71 years — the longest documented incubation period of any occupational group, meaning 1950s-era workers are still receiving diagnoses today[14]
  • Over $30 billion in trust funds accessible — more trusts apply to chemical plant workers than most single-trade occupations because facilities used products from dozens of asbestos manufacturers[15]
  • 1.3 million workers still at risk today — legacy asbestos in aging facilities continues to expose maintenance and renovation crews, unlike industries where asbestos was fully removed decades ago[16]
  • Companies ran cost-per-cancer calculations — internal documents reveal petrochemical corporations determined it was cheaper to expose workers than to convert facilities, distinguishing these cases from industries where danger was merely unknown[17]

Key Facts

Metric Finding
Proportionate Mortality Ratio PMR 3.8 — 95% CI 2.9-5.0; 58 mesothelioma deaths analyzed (CDC/NIOSH Mortality Study, 1999-2015)[18]
Chemical Technician PMR PMR 4.9 — higher than general chemical plant workers, indicating risk correlation with direct process involvement (CDC/NIOSH)[19]
Chemical Engineer PMR PMR 4.0 — elevated risk among engineers with process oversight roles (CDC/NIOSH)[20]
Direct Asbestos Contact Rate 90% of petrochemical workers — with 78% reporting inadequate ventilation and no respiratory protection before 1972[21]
X-Ray Abnormalities 60% of long-term workers — showing asbestos-related chest abnormalities on radiographic screening[22]
Turnaround Fiber Concentrations 100+ f/cc — exceeding current PEL (0.1 f/cc) by 10,000x during 4-8 week maintenance shutdowns[23]
Insulation Asbestos Content 15-85% asbestos by weight — in thermal insulation rated for temperatures reaching 1,000°F in cracking units[24]
Largest Verdict $25 million — oil refinery employee mesothelioma verdict; additional $14 million verdict for plant worker's family[25]
Texas Asbestos Deaths 14,000+ workers killed — asbestos diseases 1999-2013; Beaumont-Port Arthur rates 2-5x state averages[26]
Available Trust Funds $30+ billion across 60+ active trusts — established by Johns-Manville, Owens-Corning, W.R. Grace, and other manufacturers[27]
Latency Period 20-71 years — the widest documented latency range among industrial occupations[28]
Current Exposed Workers 1.3 million U.S. workers — still exposed to legacy asbestos in aging chemical facilities during maintenance and renovation[29]

What Made Chemical Plant Workers' Asbestos Exposure So Devastating?

According to Danziger & De Llano, chemical plant workers faced unique exposure conditions that created extraordinary health risks beyond typical industrial settings.[30] Research from Mesothelioma.net documents how petrochemical facilities contained asbestos in virtually every operational component—from massive catalytic cracking units wrapped in asbestos insulation to thousands of gaskets, valves, and pumps containing asbestos materials.[31]

"In our decades representing chemical plant workers, we've observed that exposure patterns in these facilities exceeded almost any other industrial setting. The combination of confined spaces, extreme heat requiring constant insulation work, and 24/7 operations meant workers faced continuous exposure throughout their shifts."
— Paul Danziger, Founding Partner, Danziger & De Llano

According to Mesothelioma Lawyer Center research, turnaround operations represented peak exposure events, with fiber concentrations exceeding 100 fibers per cubic centimeter during these 4-8 week periods—10,000 times current permissible levels.[32] Workers describe visibility reduced to mere feet from asbestos dust clouds, with hundreds of workers simultaneously removing insulation, replacing gaskets, repacking valves, and rebuilding equipment.

How Did Chemical Plants' PMR 3.8 Compare to Other High-Risk Occupations?

Documentation from Mesothelioma Lawyer Center confirms that with PMR 3.8, chemical plant workers faced significantly elevated occupational risks nearly four times the expected mesothelioma mortality, positioning them among the highest-risk industrial workers.[33] Only insulation workers (PMR 26.9), shipyard workers (PMR 6.7), and specific trades like pipefitters (PMR 4.8) showed higher documented risk levels.

According to Mesothelioma.net research, this risk quantification emerged from comprehensive CDC/NIOSH mortality analysis examining 58 mesothelioma deaths among chemical plant workers from 1999-2015, with the 95% confidence interval of 2.9-5.0 confirming statistical significance beyond random variation.[34] Chemical technicians showed even higher risk at PMR 4.9, while chemical engineers registered PMR 4.0, indicating risk correlation with direct process involvement.

⚠ Gulf Coast Concentration: 70% of chemical plant exposure cases are concentrated in the Texas-Louisiana petrochemical corridor. Facilities in Beaumont-Port Arthur show mortality rates 2-5 times state averages, making this region a focal point for mesothelioma claims.

What Products Did Chemical Plant Workers Encounter That Contained Asbestos?

According to Mesothelioma.net research, chemical plants used products from major asbestos manufacturers including Johns-Manville, Owens-Corning, and W.R. Grace throughout their facilities.[35] Documentation from Danziger & De Llano confirms workers encountered asbestos in pipe insulation, gaskets, valve packing, refractory materials, and protective equipment including gloves and aprons.[36]

According to Mesothelioma Lawyer Center research, chemical plant workers encountered asbestos through five primary mechanisms: direct handling during insulation work, cutting gaskets and packing materials, ambient exposure from deteriorating insulation, secondary exposure during nearby work, and take-home exposure on contaminated clothing.[37]

"Growing up in Pasadena near the refineries, we thought our fathers were building America's energy independence. We had no idea they were being exposed to deadly asbestos daily. Companies knew the dangers but kept workers like my dad in the dark."
— Larry Gates, Client Advocate, Danziger & De Llano

What Compensation Can Chemical Plant Workers Receive?

Documentation from Mesothelioma Lawyer Center shows average settlements for chemical plant workers range from $1 million to $1.4 million, while trial verdicts can reach $5-20 million depending on case strength and defendant resources.[38] According to Danziger & De Llano, over $30 billion remains available across 60+ active asbestos bankruptcy trusts established by manufacturers whose products contaminated chemical plants.[39]

✓ Multiple Compensation Sources: Chemical plant workers may qualify for: (1) Personal injury lawsuits against solvent manufacturers, (2) Trust fund claims against bankrupt defendants, (3) Workers' compensation claims, (4) Social Security disability benefits, and (5) Veterans' benefits for those who served. An experienced attorney can help identify all applicable sources.

According to Mesothelioma Lawyer Center documentation, successful verdicts demonstrate the strength of chemical plant claims—including $25 million for an oil refinery employee, $14 million for a plant worker's family, and settlements in DuPont plant cases.[40]

How Does Secondary Exposure Affect Chemical Plant Worker Families?

According to Danziger & De Llano documentation, family members of chemical plant workers developed mesothelioma from secondary exposure through contaminated work clothing.[41] Wives who laundered asbestos-contaminated work clothes and children who greeted fathers returning home from plants faced significant fiber exposure through household dust contamination.

ℹ Secondary Exposure Claims: Secondary exposure victims never assumed occupational risk, often resulting in significant settlements. Companies that failed to provide shower facilities or changing areas can be held liable for family members' diseases, as they knew asbestos fibers traveled home on contaminated clothing.

What Documentation Do Chemical Plant Workers Need for Claims?

According to Danziger & De Llano, employment records form the foundation of chemical plant claims—personnel files, union records, pay stubs, and W-2 forms establishing work dates and locations are essential.[42] Workers should document specific units, equipment, and products encountered, and photograph any retained work clothing, tools, or safety equipment showing asbestos contamination.

"The families who maintain comprehensive records—even seemingly minor items like old work schedules or safety meeting notes—often see compensation awards 40-60% higher than those without documentation. Every detail matters when building these cases."
— Rod De Llano, Founding Partner, Danziger & De Llano

According to MesotheliomaAttorney.com, co-worker affidavits provide crucial corroboration, with witness statements documenting specific products used, work processes involving asbestos, safety equipment provided or lacking, and exposure incidents remembered.[43]

How Can Families Take Action After Chemical Plant Asbestos Exposure?

Families affected by chemical plant asbestos exposure should act promptly to protect their legal rights. According to Danziger & De Llano, Texas tort reform has implemented specific procedures for asbestos claims, making experienced legal representation essential for navigating these requirements.[44] Documentation from MesotheliomaAttorney.com shows that trust fund compensation provides an alternative to litigation, allowing qualified claimants to receive payments without court appearances.[45]

According to Mesothelioma.net research, workers exposed during the 1970s-1990s are only now developing mesothelioma due to the 20-71 year latency period, meaning the wave of chemical plant diagnoses continues today.[46] With 1.3 million current U.S. workers still exposed to legacy asbestos in facilities, new exposures also continue during maintenance and renovation work.

"My dad would be proud knowing his struggle led me to help other families get the medical and financial assistance they desperately need. Every family we assist honors his memory and the memory of all workers who deserved better from their employers."
— Larry Gates, Client Advocate, Danziger & De Llano

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a PMR of 3.8 and why does it matter for chemical plant workers?

A Proportionate Mortality Ratio (PMR) of 3.8 means chemical plant workers die from mesothelioma at nearly four times the expected rate compared to the general working population. The CDC/NIOSH calculated this figure from 58 mesothelioma deaths among chemical plant workers between 1999 and 2015, with a 95% confidence interval of 2.9-5.0 confirming statistical significance. Only insulation workers (PMR 26.9), shipyard workers (PMR 6.7), and pipefitters (PMR 4.8) show higher documented mortality ratios. This metric serves as powerful evidence in litigation because it quantifies the excess risk attributable to occupational exposure.[47]

Why are Gulf Coast chemical plant workers at especially high risk?

The Texas-Louisiana petrochemical corridor—centered around Beaumont-Port Arthur, Houston Ship Channel, and Louisiana's "Cancer Alley"—contains the highest concentration of chemical processing facilities in the United States. These plants were built during the 1940s-1960s industrial expansion era when asbestos insulation was standard. The combination of extreme operating temperatures (1,000°F+ in cracking units), continuous 24/7 operations requiring constant maintenance, and confined processing units created intense, prolonged exposure. Texas alone recorded over 14,000 asbestos disease deaths from 1999 to 2013, with Beaumont-Port Arthur rates running 2-5 times higher than state averages.[48]

What compensation can chemical plant workers expect?

Chemical plant workers with mesothelioma can pursue compensation through multiple channels simultaneously. Average settlements through litigation range from $1 million to $1.4 million, while trial verdicts have reached $5-20 million, with the highest being $25 million for an oil refinery employee. Additionally, over $30 billion remains in 60+ active asbestos bankruptcy trusts established by manufacturers like Johns-Manville, Owens-Corning, and W.R. Grace whose products were used extensively in chemical plants. Workers may also qualify for workers' compensation, Social Security disability benefits, and veterans' benefits if they served in the military.[49]

Can chemical plant workers still be diagnosed with mesothelioma today?

Yes. Mesothelioma has a documented latency period of 20-71 years in chemical plant workers—the widest range among industrial occupations. Workers exposed during the 1960s-1990s peak era are now entering their highest-risk diagnostic window. Furthermore, 1.3 million current U.S. workers remain exposed to legacy asbestos in aging chemical facilities during routine maintenance, renovation, and demolition work. Newly diagnosed patients retain full legal rights to pursue compensation regardless of when their exposure occurred, as statutes of limitations typically begin from the date of diagnosis.[50]

Did chemical companies know asbestos was dangerous?

Yes. Internal corporate documents revealed during litigation show that petrochemical companies conducted "cost per cancer" analyses, determining it was more economical to continue exposing workers than to convert facilities to asbestos-free alternatives. Companies were aware of the health hazards as early as the 1930s yet continued using asbestos insulation and products without adequate warnings or protective equipment. Over half of chemical plant workers received no respiratory protection before 1972, and 78% reported inadequate ventilation. These internal documents significantly strengthen mesothelioma claims by demonstrating deliberate corporate negligence rather than mere ignorance.[51]

How does secondary exposure affect chemical plant workers' families?

Family members of chemical plant workers have developed mesothelioma from secondary (take-home) exposure through asbestos fibers carried home on contaminated work clothing, shoes, and hair. Wives who laundered work clothes and children who greeted returning workers faced significant fiber exposure through household dust contamination. Companies that failed to provide on-site shower facilities, separate lockers for work and street clothing, or warnings about take-home contamination can be held liable. Secondary exposure victims never assumed occupational risk, which often results in substantial settlements because juries view the failure to protect families as particularly egregious.[52]

What documentation do chemical plant workers need to file a claim?

Essential documentation includes employment records (personnel files, union records, pay stubs, W-2 forms), medical records linking the diagnosis to asbestos exposure, and detailed records of specific units, equipment, and products encountered. Photographs of retained work clothing, tools, or safety equipment showing asbestos contamination strengthen claims. Co-worker affidavits documenting specific products used, work processes, safety equipment provided or lacking, and exposure incidents are also valuable. Workers who maintain comprehensive records—including seemingly minor items like old work schedules or safety meeting notes—often see compensation awards 40-60% higher than those without documentation.[53]

Which trust funds can chemical plant workers file claims with?

Chemical plant workers can file with multiple bankruptcy trusts because facilities used products from dozens of different asbestos manufacturers. Key trusts include the Johns-Manville Trust (5.1% payment rate), Owens-Corning/Fibreboard Trust, W.R. Grace Trust ($3+ billion funding), Pittsburgh Corning Trust, and USG Trust. Workers can file with every trust whose products they encountered, and experienced mesothelioma attorneys can identify all applicable trusts to maximize total recovery. The breadth of product exposure in chemical plants—insulation, gaskets, valve packing, refractory materials, protective equipment—often means more trust fund eligibility than workers in single-product industries.[54]

Quick Statistics

  • Chemical technicians face PMR 4.9 — a 26% higher mortality ratio than general chemical plant workers (PMR 3.8), indicating that hands-on process roles carry disproportionate risk[55]
  • 78% reported inadequate ventilation — and over half received no respiratory protection before 1972, despite companies knowing about asbestos hazards for decades[56]
  • Insulation content ranged 15-85% asbestos — by weight, with thermal ratings needed for 1,000°F+ cracking unit and reformer operations[57]
  • $14 million verdict — awarded to a plant worker's family in a separate case from the $25 million refinery verdict, showing consistent high-value outcomes for chemical plant claims[58]
  • 70% of chemical plant exposure cases — are concentrated in the Texas-Louisiana petrochemical corridor, making this the densest geographic cluster of mesothelioma claims in the nation[59]
  • 40-60% higher compensation — for workers who maintain comprehensive employment records including work schedules and safety meeting notes versus those filing without documentation[60]
  • 4-8 week turnaround shutdowns — represent peak exposure events where hundreds of workers simultaneously removed insulation, replaced gaskets, and rebuilt equipment in confined spaces[61]
  • W.R. Grace Trust holds $3+ billion — one of the largest individual trusts relevant to chemical plant workers, covering Zonolite insulation exposure[62]
  • Johns-Manville, Owens-Corning, and W.R. Grace — the three most frequently named manufacturers in chemical plant mesothelioma claims, each with active bankruptcy trusts[63]
  • DuPont plant settlements — among the documented chemical plant cases with successful compensation outcomes, reflecting liability for legacy asbestos in manufacturing operations[64]

Get Help Today

If you or a loved one worked in a chemical plant or refinery and has been diagnosed with mesothelioma, you may be entitled to significant compensation. According to Danziger & De Llano's settlements page, the firm has decades of experience representing chemical plant workers and their families, understanding the unique exposure patterns in Gulf Coast petrochemical facilities that support the strongest possible claims.[65] The firm's client advocates, including Larry Gates whose father died from refinery-related mesothelioma, provide compassionate support throughout the legal process.[66]

Call (855) 699-5441 for a free, confidential case evaluation. There is no cost unless we recover compensation for you.

Related Occupations:

Regional Profiles:

Naval Shipyards:

Resources:

References

  1. ↑ Asbestos Exposure Lawyers, Danziger & De Llano LLP
  2. ↑ Asbestos and Industrial Workers, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  3. ↑ Chemical Plant Workers & Asbestos, Mesothelioma.net
  4. ↑ Mesothelioma Risk: Workers Most at Risk, Danziger & De Llano
  5. ↑ Asbestos Cover-Up, Mesothelioma.net
  6. ↑ Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  7. ↑ Texas Mesothelioma Lawyers, Danziger & De Llano
  8. ↑ Oil Refinery Worker Wins $25M Verdict, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  9. ↑ Asbestos and Industrial Workers, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  10. ↑ Asbestos Exposure Lawyers, Danziger & De Llano LLP
  11. ↑ Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  12. ↑ Oil Refinery Worker Wins $25M Verdict, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  13. ↑ Texas Mesothelioma Lawyers, Danziger & De Llano
  14. ↑ Chemical Plant Workers & Asbestos, Mesothelioma.net
  15. ↑ Mesothelioma Asbestos Trust Fund Payouts, Danziger & De Llano
  16. ↑ Chemical Plant Workers & Asbestos, Mesothelioma.net
  17. ↑ Asbestos Cover-Up, Mesothelioma.net
  18. ↑ Asbestos and Industrial Workers, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  19. ↑ Industrial Workers and Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma.net
  20. ↑ Industrial Workers and Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma.net
  21. ↑ Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  22. ↑ Asbestos Exposure Lawyers, Danziger & De Llano LLP
  23. ↑ Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  24. ↑ Mesothelioma Risk: Workers Most at Risk, Danziger & De Llano
  25. ↑ Oil Refinery Worker Wins $25M Verdict, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  26. ↑ Texas Mesothelioma Lawyers, Danziger & De Llano
  27. ↑ Mesothelioma Asbestos Trust Fund Payouts, Danziger & De Llano
  28. ↑ Chemical Plant Workers & Asbestos, Mesothelioma.net
  29. ↑ Chemical Plant Workers & Asbestos, Mesothelioma.net
  30. ↑ Asbestos Exposure Lawyers, Danziger & De Llano LLP
  31. ↑ Asbestos Exposure in Oil Refineries, Mesothelioma.net
  32. ↑ Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  33. ↑ Asbestos and Industrial Workers, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  34. ↑ Industrial Workers and Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma.net
  35. ↑ Johns-Manville, Mesothelioma.net
  36. ↑ Mesothelioma Asbestos Trust Fund Payouts, Danziger & De Llano
  37. ↑ Asbestos Products, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  38. ↑ Mesothelioma Settlements, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  39. ↑ Mesothelioma Asbestos Trust Fund Payouts, Danziger & De Llano
  40. ↑ Plant Worker's Family Wins $14M Verdict, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  41. ↑ Secondary Exposure to Asbestos, Danziger & De Llano
  42. ↑ Asbestos Lawsuits & Payouts, Danziger & De Llano
  43. ↑ Mesothelioma Lawsuit Settlements, MesotheliomaAttorney.com
  44. ↑ Asbestos Lawsuit Texas, Danziger & De Llano
  45. ↑ Mesothelioma Trust Funds, MesotheliomaAttorney.com
  46. ↑ Chemical Plant Workers & Asbestos, Mesothelioma.net
  47. ↑ Asbestos and Industrial Workers, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  48. ↑ Texas Mesothelioma Lawyers, Danziger & De Llano
  49. ↑ Mesothelioma Settlements, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  50. ↑ Chemical Plant Workers & Asbestos, Mesothelioma.net
  51. ↑ Asbestos Cover-Up, Mesothelioma.net
  52. ↑ Secondary Exposure to Asbestos, Danziger & De Llano
  53. ↑ Asbestos Lawsuits & Payouts, Danziger & De Llano
  54. ↑ Mesothelioma Trust Funds, MesotheliomaAttorney.com
  55. ↑ Industrial Workers and Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma.net
  56. ↑ Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  57. ↑ Mesothelioma Risk: Workers Most at Risk, Danziger & De Llano
  58. ↑ Plant Worker's Family Wins $14M Verdict, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  59. ↑ Texas Mesothelioma Lawyers, Danziger & De Llano
  60. ↑ Asbestos Lawsuits & Payouts, Danziger & De Llano
  61. ↑ Asbestos Exposure, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  62. ↑ Mesothelioma Trust Funds, MesotheliomaAttorney.com
  63. ↑ Johns-Manville, Mesothelioma.net
  64. ↑ Plant Worker's Family Wins $14M Verdict, Mesothelioma Lawyer Center
  65. ↑ Mesothelioma Settlements, Danziger & De Llano LLP
  66. ↑ Larry Gates, Danziger & De Llano LLP
Retrieved from "https://wikimesothelioma.com/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Plant_Workers&oldid=3075"